Английская Википедия:Gammon (insult)

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Gammon is a pejorative popularised in British political culture since around 2012. The term refers in particular to the colour of a white person's flushed face when expressing their strong opinions, as compared to the type of pork of the same name.[1][2] It is characterised in this context by the Oxford English Dictionary as occurring "in various parasynthetic adjectives referring to particularly reddish or florid complexions".[3]

In 2018, it became particularly known as a term to describe either those on the political right or those who supported Brexit.[1][4]

Recent history

In 2004, in a section termed "The Ten: Lamest Sporting Excuses" in The Observer, the following appeared:[5]Шаблон:Blockquote

In 2010, Caitlin Moran wrote that British Prime Minister David Cameron resembled "a slightly camp gammon robot" and "a C3PO made of ham" in her 13 March column in The Times,[6] later collected in her 2012 anthology Moranthology.[7]

In 2015, Ruby Tandoh called Great British Bake Off judge Paul Hollywood a "walking gammon joint".[8]

In 2017, children's author Ben Davis tweeted a picture of nine members of a BBC Question Time audience and referred to them as "the Great Wall of Gammon",[9] leading to the term becoming popularised, particularly on social media.[8][10][11][12][13]

Earlier historical uses

In 1604, John Marston wrote "Your devilship’s ring has no virtue, the buff-captain, the sallow-westphalian gammon-faced zaza cries" in The Malcontent.[14]

In 1622, John Taylor wrote "Where many a warlike Horse & many a Nagge mires:Thou kildst the gammon visag'd poore Westphalians" in his verse poem The Great O Toole.[15]

By the beginning of the 19th century, the word (sometimes extended to the phrase "gammon and spinach") had come to mean "humbug, a ridiculous story, deceitful talk".[16] Writers of the era who used the word or phrase include Charlotte Brontë,[17] Charles Dickens (in a number of works, including Nicholas Nickleby,[18] Bleak House,[19] The Pickwick Papers,[20] and Oliver Twist[21]), and Anthony Trollope.[22] It has been suggested there is an association between Dickens' usage of the word in Nicholas Nickleby and the modern British usage.[23] The word in its 19th Century usage remains current in Australian Aboriginal English (without reference to race or skin colour, meaning 'lying' or 'inauthentic').[24][25]

The archetype of a red-faced, angry, pompous, jingoistic, and stereotypically British right-wing male has been in popular culture since the mid-20th century, with the character Colonel Blimp first appearing in 1934, in newspaper cartoons and in the film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp in 1948.Шаблон:Citation needed

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Notes

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite OED
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Brandreth, Gyles. 2013. Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations p.258
  7. ↑ Moran, Caitlin. 2012. Moranthology p.27
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  16. ↑ Partridge, Eric, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006), p.444 [1]
  17. ↑ In the 1834 poem, "Gods of the Old Mythology": "And as for thee, thou scoundrel, thou brimstone sulphurous Mammon/Let's have no more of thee nor of thy villainous gammon." [2]
  18. ↑ "The time had been, when this burst of enthusiasm would have been cheered to the very echo; but now, the deputation received it with chilling coldness. The general impression seemed to be, that as an explanation of Mr Gregsbury's political conduct, it did not enter quite enough into detail; and one gentleman in the rear did not scruple to remark aloud, that, for his purpose, it savoured rather too much of a 'gammon' tendency."[3]
  19. ↑ "'What, you're looking at my lodger's birds, Mr. Jarndyce?'... The old man, looking up at the cages after another look at us, went through the list. 'Hope, Joy, Youth, Peace, Rest, Life, Dust, Ashes, Waste, Want, Ruin, Despair, Madness, Death, Cunning, Folly, Words, Wigs, Rags, Sheepskin, Plunder, Precedent, Jargon, Gammon, and Spinach. That's the whole collection,' said the old man, 'all cooped up together, by my noble and learned brother.'" [4]
  20. ↑ " 'It cert'nly seems a queer start to send out pocket-'ankerchers to people as don't know the use on 'em,' observed Sam. 'They're alvays a-doin' some gammon of that sort, Sammy,' replied his father." [5]
  21. ↑ "'It's all passed safe through the melting-pot,' replied Fagin, 'and this is your share. It's rather more than it ought to be, my dear; but as I know you'll do me a good turn another time, and--' 'Stow that gammon,' interposed the robber, impatiently. 'Where is it? Hand over!'" [6]
  22. ↑ In Orley Farm: "'Sir,' said [Mr. Dockwrath], turning to Mr. Moulder, '...In this enterprising country all men are more or less commercial.' 'Hear! hear!' said Mr. Kantwise. 'That's gammon,' said Mr. Moulder. 'Gammon it may be,' said Mr. Dockwrath, 'but nevertheless it's right in law.'" [7]
  23. ↑ "Correspondents tell me that the word “gammon” was actually a Victorian slang term, which translates, roughly, as “bull****”. Interpreting it in this as a man pushing a certain type of jingoism is Gregsbury’s alone. So, there you go."Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ "Words you thought were Indigenous that actually aren't"[8]
  25. ↑ "On gammon, global noise and indigenous heterogeneity: Words as things in Aboriginal public culture"[9]
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