Английская Википедия:Garrincha

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Family name hatnote Шаблон:Infobox football biography Manuel Francisco dos Santos (28 October 1933 – 20 January 1983), nicknamed Mané Garrincha, best known as simply Garrincha (Шаблон:IPA-pt, "little bird"),[1] was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a right winger. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, and by many, one of the greatest dribblers ever.[2][3]

Garrincha played a vital role in Brazil's 1958 and 1962 World Cup victories. In 1962, when Pelé got injured, Garrincha led Brazil to a World Cup victory with a dominating performance throughout the tournament. He also became the first player to win the Golden Ball (Player of the tournament), Golden Boot (Leading Goalscorer) and the World Cup in the same tournament. He was also named in the World Cup All-Star Teams of both 1958 World Cup and 1962 World Cup. In 1994, he was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Time Team. Brazil never lost a match while fielding both Garrincha and Pelé.[4] In 1999, he came seventh in the FIFA Player of the Century grand jury vote.[5] He is a member of the World Team of the 20th Century, and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Hall of Fame.[6] Due to his immense popularity in Brazil, he was also called Alegria do Povo (People's Joy) and Anjo de Pernas Tortas (Bent-Legged Angel).[7]

At club level, Garrincha played the majority of his professional career for the Brazilian team Botafogo. In the Maracanã Stadium, the home team room is known as "Garrincha".[8] In the capital Brasília, the Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha is named after him. He is credited for inspiring the first bullfighting chants of olé to be used at football grounds.[9]

Early life

Garrincha was born in Pau Grande, a district of Magé, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in 1933. He was born with his right leg 6 centimetres shorter than his left, also his left leg turned outwards and his right turned inwards, leading one doctor to certify him as crippled as a child.[10][11]

His father was an alcoholic, drinking cachaça heavily, a problem which Garrincha would inherit.[7] A boy with a carefree attitude, he was smaller than other kids his age, with his sister Rosa noticing he was as small as a little bird she started calling him Garrincha, the north-eastern name for the wren, a little brown bird.[12] The name stuck and by the age of four years he was known as Garrincha to his family and friends.[12] Garrincha was also known as Mané (short for Manuel) by his friends.[13] The combined Mané Garrincha is common among fans in Brazil.Шаблон:Citation needed

Garrincha was known amongst footballing scouts but did not arrive in professional football until his late teens; he had no interest in a professional career despite his immense talent.[14]

Garrincha's younger brother, Jimmy dos Santos, played 20 games for Série A side CR Vasco da Gama in 1959.Шаблон:Citation needed

Club career

Файл:Garrincha in Botafogo 2-0 Barcelona, 1964, Monumental de Núñez.jpg
Garrincha playing for Botafogo in a 2–0 win against Barcelona for Copa Iberoamericana, friendly tournament in 1964 at Buenos Aires.

Garrincha was already married and a parent when he signed for Botafogo in 1953. Team officials were ecstatic to learn that he was over 18 and able to be treated as a professional. In his first training session, he demonstrated his extraordinary skills by dribbling the ball through the legs of Nílton Santos, a Brazilian international defender and defensive midfielder who had 16 international caps. Santos was so impressed with the young Garrincha, he asked that Botafogo sign him.[15] He played in a 5–0 win for Botafogo's reserves and then scored a hat trick on his first-team début against Bonsucesso on 19 July 1953.Шаблон:Citation needed

Garrincha continued to play brilliantly, but Brazil had other talented players in his position, notably Julinho and together with a new European style of play centered on teamwork, he was not named in the squad for the 1954 World Cup. He helped Botafogo win the Campeonato Carioca in 1957 by scoring 20 goals in 26 games finishing second in the league scoring charts and this convinced the national team selectors to name him to the 1958 World Cup squad. After the 1962 World Cup, Garrincha returned to Rio and carried Botafogo to victory in the 1962 Campeonato Carioca final against Flamengo.[15] Garrincha played for Botafogo for 12 years, the bulk of his professional career. He won the Campeonato Carioca three times with them, scored 232 goals in 581 matches, and became a symbol of the history of the club.Шаблон:Citation needed

In 1966, with his career declining, he was sold to Corinthians. Two years later, he signed for Colombian team Atlético Junior. The same year he went back to Brazil and joined Flamengo, where he would stay until 1969. In 1971, there were rumours that Garrincha, 38, would join French club Red Star, but he never signed and stayed in Brazil.[16]

An entertainer renowned for his dribbling skills in taking on opposing players, Garrincha inspiring the first bullfighting chants of olé to be used at football grounds; during a 1958 club game for Botafogo he gave a footballing lesson to River Plate defender Vairo, constantly teasing, feinting and going past him to ole's from the crowd, and when he "forgot" the ball and sprinted away with Vairo running after him the chants of olés changed to laughter.[9] Garrincha's professional career as a footballer lasted until 1972, when he played for Olaria, but he played occasional exhibition matches until 1982.[17]

Garrincha was subject to numerous transfer attempts by rich European clubs like Juventus of Turin, Italy who tried to sign him in 1954. Real Madrid of Spain tried to sign him in 1959 after some stunning performances by him on a tour of Europe. Internazionale, AC Milan and Juventus of Italy considered jointly signing him in 1963 (he would have to spend a season with each); a deal that would have been unique in football.Шаблон:Citation needed

International career

Garrincha played 50 international matches for Brazil between 1955 and 1966, and was a starter for the national team in the 1958, 1962 and 1966 World Cups. Brazil lost only one match with him on the pitch, against Hungary at the 1966 World Cup. This was the last time Garrincha played in National team. Pelé did not play the game against Hungary, and thus Brazil never lost when Garrincha and Pelé were in the same lineup.Шаблон:Citation needed

His first cap was against Chile in Rio de Janeiro in 1955. He played two matches at the Copa América of 1957 and four in the 1959 edition, Brazil finished runners up in both editions.Шаблон:Citation needed

1958 World Cup

Файл:Garrincha and Vavà 1958 World Cup final.jpg
Garrincha crosses the ball to Vavá in the 1958 FIFA World Cup Final.

On 29 May, ten days before the 1958 World Cup finals started, Garrincha scored one of his most famous goals, against Fiorentina in Italy. He beat four defenders and the goalkeeper, before stopping on the goal line. Rather than kicking the ball into the open goal, he then dribbled past the returning Enzo Robotti to score.[18][19] Despite his stunning performance his coaches were upset at what they considered an irresponsible move and this likely led to Garrincha not being picked for Brazil's first two matches of the 1958 tournament.[20] However, he did start their third match against the USSR; this match marked the debut of both Garrincha and Pelé (although Garrincha was seven years older than Pele, both being born in October, respectively in 1933 and in 1940). The Soviets were one of the favourites for the tournament, and the Brazilians had been nervous about playing them.[13] Their manager, Vicente Feola, decided to attack directly from the kickoff. Garrincha received the ball on the right wing, beat three opposing players and took a shot which hit the post. With the match still less than a minute old, he set up a chance for Pelé, who hit the crossbar,[13] and continually caused problems for the Soviet defence. Brazil were so impressive in the opening moments that the game's start is often referred to as "the best three minutes of football of all time".[21] Brazil won the match 2–0.Шаблон:Citation needed

Шаблон:Quote box

Following the Brazilians' narrow 1–0 quarter-final win against Wales on 19 June 1958, Mel Hopkins (the fullback who faced him that game) described Garrincha as "a phenomenon, capable of sheer magic. It was difficult to know which way he was going to go because of his legs and because he was as comfortable on his left foot as his right, so he could cut inside or go down the line and he had a ferocious shot too."[7]

In the final against Sweden, Brazil fell behind 0–1 early, but rapidly equalized after Garrincha went past his marker on the right wing and sent a cross for Vavá to score. Before the end of the first half, Garrincha made a similar play, again setting up Vavá to make the score 2–1. Brazil ended winning the match and its first World Cup trophy, with Garrincha being one of the best players of the tournament; he was voted to the "Best XI" for the competition.Шаблон:Citation needed

Garrincha never bothered about the 'details' of the game. As his teammates were celebrating the World Cup win, he was initially bemused, having been under the impression that the competition was more league-like and that Brazil would play all the other teams twice.[22]

1958–1962

Garrincha put on weight after the World Cup, partly because of his drinking,[23] so he was dropped from the national team for a friendly match in Rio against England on 13 May 1959. Later that month, he went on tour with Botafogo in Sweden and got a local girl pregnant.[24] When he returned to Brazil, he drove home to Pau Grande and ran over his father, Amaro. He drove off without stopping, with an angry mob chasing him, and when they caught up with him they found him "drunk, almost catatonic, and with no grasp of what he had done."[25] In August, his wife, Nair, gave birth to their fifth child, and his mistress Iraci announced her first pregnancy. His father died of liver cancer on 10 October having been dependent on alcohol for years.[26]

1962 World Cup

Файл:Garrincha 1962.jpg
Garrincha (left) during the World Cup 1962

Garrincha was the most outstanding player of the 1962 FIFA World Cup. When Pelé suffered an injury after the second match and was sidelined for the rest of the tournament, Garrincha played a leading role in Brazil's triumph, excelling particularly against England and Chile, scoring 4 goals in those two matches.Шаблон:Citation needed

After one win and one draw, Brazil faced Spain, without Pelé. The South Americans were losing 0–1 in the second half. Amarildo, Pelé's substitute for the remainder of the tournament, scored the equalizer. Five minutes before the end, Garrincha took the ball on the right flank, dribbled past a defender and paused. Then he dribbled past the same man and another defender,[27] and sent a cross to Amarildo, who scored again to win the match.Шаблон:Citation needed

In the quarter-finals against England, Garrincha opened the score with a header off a corner kick. England equalized before half time. In the second half, Vavá scored Brazil's second goal off a rebound of a shot by Garrincha; minutes later, Garrincha received a ball outside the penalty area, paused, and sent a curved shot – known as the "banana shot" – into the bottom of the net. Brazil won 3–1 and advanced to the semi-finals. The British football press said he "was Stanley Matthews, Tom Finney and a snake charmer all rolled into one."Шаблон:Citation needed

During the quarter final, a stray dog ran onto the pitch and evaded all of the players' efforts to catch it until England striker Jimmy Greaves got down on all fours to beckon the animal. Though successful in catching the dog, it managed to urinate all over Greaves' England shirt. Greaves claimed that Garrincha thought the incident was so amusing that he took the dog home as a pet.[28] Ruy Castro's book expands upon this, by clarifying that the dog was captured by an official, and raffled off to the Brazilian squad, a raffle which Garrincha won. The dog was named "Bi" (from "bi-campeões" - "two times champions").Шаблон:Citation needed

He scored two more goals in the semi-final against the hosts, Chile, as Brazil went on to win 4–2. His first goal was a 20-yard left-foot shot; the second one, a header.[29] A subsequent headline in the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio read: "What planet is Garrincha from?"[30] Garrincha was sent off in that match after 83 minutes for retaliating after being continually fouled. However, he was not suspended for the following match.

Brazil faced Czechoslovakia in the final. Garrincha played despite suffering from a severe fever,[31] which did not prevent Brazil from winning 3–1 and him from getting voted player of the tournament.[30] It was the second consecutive World Cup won by Garrincha and Brazil.Шаблон:Citation needed

1966 World Cup

Though well short of match fitness and still struggling with a knee injury, which would plague him for the rest of his career, Garrincha still played in the first match of the tournament, a 2–0 win against Bulgaria, Garrincha scored one of the goals of this game with a free kick taken with the outside of his foot (the second goal of this game was scored by Pelé - this was the only time when Garrincha and Pelé both scored goals in the same game). Then Brazil lost 1–3 to Hungary at Goodison Park, in Garrincha's last ever international match, which was the only time Garrincha lost a match with the Brazil national team; he did not play in the last match of the first round against Portugal. Brazil were eliminated in the first round.Шаблон:Citation needed

Retirement from professional football and farewell

Шаблон:Quote box

In 1973, although he was still signed by Olaria, Garrincha decided to leave professional football. Apart from his age (he was already 40), "there was another reason for wanting to retire: he had become a grandfather for the first time – his daughter Edenir had just given birth to Alexandra – and being a professional football player and a grandfather felt weird."[32] Alexandra with her three children still live in Garrincha's house in Pau Grande.

On 19 December 1973, a farewell match for Garrincha between a FIFA World team and Brazil was celebrated at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, in front of 131,000 spectators. The FIFA team was composed mainly of Argentine and Uruguayan players, while Brazil fielded Pelé, Carlos Alberto, and several other members of the 1970 World Cup winning squad.[33] Garrincha started the match, and while in the first half, at a point when Brazil had the ball in attack, the referee stopped the match so Garrincha could leave the pitch and receive the crowd's respects. Garrincha then did a lap around the pitch before disappearing through the stadium's tunnel.[34]

Final years and death

Файл:Garrincha - Maracanã.jpg
Bust of Garrincha at the Maracanã

The success Garrincha enjoyed on the football pitch was in stark contrast to his personal life. He drank heavily throughout his adult life and was involved in several serious road accidents, notably a crash into a lorry in April 1969 which killed his mother-in-law.[35] He was married twice, first to Nair Marques in 1952 (they separated in 1965), a factory worker from Pau Grande with whom he had eight daughters, and second to Elza Soares, a samba singer whom he married in an unofficial ceremony in March 1966. Soares had also been married previously, and the marriage saw Garrincha cast as a villain by the same press that had once feted him.[7] The couple separated in 1977, when Soares left him after he struck her during an argument. Garrincha had other significant affairs, including one with showgirl Angelita Martinez,[36] and he is known to have fathered at least 14 children.[7]

After a series of financial and marital problems, Garrincha died of cirrhosis of the liver[30] on 20 January 1983, in an alcoholic coma in Rio de Janeiro.[7] He had been hospitalized eight times in the previous year, and by the time of his death he was a physical and mental wreck. His last years were unhappy and obscure – he seemed to have become a forgotten hero – but his funeral procession, from the Maracanã to Pau Grande, drew millions of fans, friends and former players to pay their respects.[8] His epitaph reads "Here rests in peace the one who was the Joy of the People – Mané Garrincha."[1] People had painted on the wall: Obrigado, Garrincha, por você ter vivido (Thank you, Garrincha, for having lived).[37]

A multi-use stadium in Brasilia, the Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha, is named after him. His career was presented in the 1962 film Garrincha, Alegria do Povo,[38] and in 2003, another movie, called Garrincha – Estrela Solitária ("Lonely Star"), based on Ruy Castro's book, depicted his life on and off the field.[39]

Файл:Brasilia Stadium - June 2013.jpg
Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha in Brasilia.

Style of play

Шаблон:Quote box

An explosive, agile, and diminutive right winger with a low centre of gravity,[40][41][42][43] Garrincha is renowned for his creativity, pace, and speed of execution, as well as his remarkable ball control, technique, flair, imagination, dribbling skills and feints on the wing, which enabled him to create chances out of nothing.[8][9][43][44][45] Capable of both scoring goals and creating chances for teammates, he also possessed a powerful shot with either foot and was a gifted crosser and set piece specialist known for his bending free kicks and corners taken with the outside of his foot. However, it was his dribbling skills he was most famous for, a skill he retained throughout his career.[8][46][47] Regarding Garrincha's dribbling ability, football writer Scott Murray remarked when writing for The Guardian in 2010: "...the bottom line is uncontestable: Garrincha was the greatest dribbler ever."[48][49][50]

Adored by the Brazilian public due to his innocence, carefree attitude and ability to entertain in making fools of opposing players, Garrincha was referred to as "Joy of the People".[7] Djalma Santos, his Brazil teammate, stated, "He had a childish spirit. Garrincha was football's answer to Charlie Chaplin."[51]

Examples of his shooting ability are his goals in World Cups against England in 1962 and Bulgaria in 1966. He was also able to turn on himself at top speed and explode at unusual angles, which he used to great effect.Шаблон:Citation needed The numerous attacks and goal opportunities he generated through individual plays would often end up in an accurate pass to a teammate in a position to score. This occurred in the first two of Brazil's goals in the 1958 World Cup final and the second goal against Spain in the 1962 tournament. He was also an excellent header of the ball despite his relatively short stature. He is one of a few players to have scored direct from a corner, a feat he managed to do 4 times in his career.Шаблон:Citation needed

Regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he was voted into the World Team of the 20th Century by 250 of the world's most respected football writers and journalists, came seventh in the FIFA Player of the Century grand jury vote, and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Time Team.[5][6]

Career statistics

Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
Club Season League Cup Continental Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Botafogo 1953 Campeonato Carioca 26 20 0 0 26 20
1954 Campeonato Carioca 27 1 9 8 36 9
1955 Campeonato Carioca 19 3 9 2 28 5
1956 Campeonato Carioca 20 5 0 0 20 5
1957 Campeonato Carioca 21 6 9 2 30 8
1958 Campeonato Carioca 26 9 9 1 35 10
1959 Campeonato Carioca 24 9 5 3 29 12
1960 Campeonato Carioca 21 9 9 1 30 10
1961 Campeonato Carioca 21 6 11 2 32 8
1962 Campeonato Carioca / Taça Brasil 20 / 5 8 / 0 7 2 32 10
1963 Campeonato Carioca 3 1 2 0 1 0 7 1
1964 Campeonato Carioca 4 0 7 3 11 3
1965 Campeonato Carioca 1 0 7 0 8 0
Total 238 84 2 0 83 17 323 101
Corinthians 1966 Campeonato Paulista 4 0 6 1 10 1
Atlético Junior 1968 Categoría Primera A 1 0 – – 1 0
Flamengo 1968 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa 1 0 1 0
1969 Campeonato Carioca 4 0 4 0
Total 5 0 5 0
Olaria 1972 Campeonato Carioca 6 0 6 0
Career total 254 84 2 0 89 18 345 102

International

Appearances and goals by national team and year[52]
National team Year Apps Goals
Brazil 1955 1 0
1956 0 0
1957 6 0
1958 5 0
1959 4 0
1960 5 2
1961 4 1
1962 12 6
1963 0 0
1964 0 0
1965 6 0
1966 7 3
Total 50 12

Honours

Botafogo[53]

  • International Quadrangular Tournament: 1954
  • State Championship: 1957, 1961, 1962
  • Interclub Tournament Pentagonal Mexico: 1958
  • International Tournament of Colombia: 1960
  • International Tournament in Costa Rica: 1961
  • Tournament Home: 1961, 1962 and 1963
  • Pentagonal the International Club of México: 1962
  • Interstate Cup Champions Club: 1962
  • Rio-São Paulo Tournament: 1962 and 1964
  • World Champion Clubs (Paris Intercontinental Championship): 1963
  • Golden Jubilee Tournament Football Association of La Paz: 1964
  • Ibero-American Tournament: 1964
  • Panamaribo Cup: 1964

Corinthians[54]

  • (Rio-São Paulo Tournament) 1966

Brazil

Individual

Bibliography

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ "Remembering the genius of Garrincha"Шаблон:Dead link. BBC. Retrieved 8 December 2013
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 World All-Time Teams. rsssf.org. Retrieved 9 May 2014
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 Шаблон:Cite news
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 "Garrincha, the never forgotten genius of Brazilian football" Шаблон:Webarchive. World Soccer.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Ruy Castro (2013). "Garrincha: The Triumph and Tragedy of Brazil's Forgotten Footballing Hero" p.89. Random House
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Ruy Castro. P. 19
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ {{in lang|fr}} "Garrincha to Red Star!" – allezredstar.com
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  23. ↑ O craque que calou o maracanã Gazeta Esportiva. Retrieved 13 June 2002.
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ "Mané Garrincha, Alegria do Povo"
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 30,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Futebol, p103
  32. ↑ Ruy Castro. Garrincha: The triumph and tragedy of Brazil's forgotten footballing hero. Yellow Jersey Press, London, 2013, pg.335
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Source: Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Futebol 106.
  36. ↑ Garrincha – Estrela Solitária ("Lonely Star"), movie based on Ruy Castro's book about Garricha's life on and off the field. <https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0383373/>
  37. ↑ De Goddelijke Kanarie (The Divine Canary), (Thomas Rap) Amsterdam 1993 picture p.108
  38. ↑ English title: "Garrincha: Hero of the Jungle". See film information at IMDb.com
  39. ↑ See film information at the Internet Movie Database
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ "Garrincha - The Genius of Dribble". Pitch International LLP. Retrieved 9 May 2014
  52. ↑ "Manoel Francisco dos Santos "Garrincha" - International Appearances and Goals". rsssf.org
  53. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок HistoriaBrasileirao не указан текст
  54. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок AlmTimao не указан текст
  55. ↑ 55,0 55,1 55,2 55,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ "ERIC BATTY’S WORLD XI – THE SIXTIES" Retrieved on 26 November 2015
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ 58,0 58,1 58,2 IFFHS' Century Elections Шаблон:Webarchive
  59. ↑ "The Best of The Best" Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 18 November 2015
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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