Most gat are cylindrical in shape with a wide brim on a bamboo frame. Before the late 19th century, only noble class men could wear gat, which represented their social status and protected their topknots.
Artisans who make gat are called ganniljang (Шаблон:Lang), from gannil (Шаблон:Lang, a compound of two words gat and il (work); "gat making") + jang (Шаблон:Korean "artisan, craftsperson, master of a craft").[1] As gannil requires artisanship throughout a complex series of techniques involving an array of materials, it has been designated as Intangible Cultural Property No. 4 on December 24, 1964.[2]
The origins of gat date back to ancient times. Usually, the following hats are considered to be the first specimens of what is known as gat today: the so-called iphyeong baekhwa pimo (Шаблон:Korean) from Geumnyeongchong (Шаблон:Korean), an ancient Silla tomb located in Gyeongju, and the pan-shaped gat which is distinct from ordinary hats in pattern and shape and is depicted on the murals of the Gamsinchong (Шаблон:Korean), an ancient Goguryeo tomb. Even in the modern era, the hat was worn commonly by elders and rural peoples until the late 20th century.
Colors and types of gat were differentiated by circumstances and/or social status.
During the Joseon period, black gat (Шаблон:Korean) was restricted to men who had passed the gwageo, or civil service examinations. In narrow definition, the term gat refers to the heungnip.
A white gat (Шаблон:Korean) was worn during times of national mourning. It is crafted in the same manner as a black gat but from sambe (hemp), consistent with traditional Korean hempen mourning garb. [3]
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