Английская Википедия:Gates of Cairo
The Gates of Cairo were gates at portals in the city walls of medieval Islamic Cairo, within the present day city of Cairo, Egypt.
The city of Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Gawhar al-Siqilli,[1] as the new royal city of the Fatimid Caliphate, with a defensive wall. In 1092, the Fatimids built a second wall around Cairo. The double walled city had a significant number of fortified gates at the portals protecting both the inner and outer city areas. The primary purpose was defense, but they also differentiated the various social and economic classes' districts and movements. Many gate surrounds were carved artistic elements and embellished decorative features, representing the ruler's and city's victories, power, faith, and influence. The gates were influenced by the designs of gates that the Fatimids had built in Tunisia, most prominently the main gate to Mahdia.
Bāb (Шаблон:Lang) is Arabic for "door" or "entrance"; from bawwaba (trans. "to divide into chapters or sections").
Gates
Cairo's medieval city gates include:[2][3]
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of the Shore), built in 1174 by Bahā’ al-Dīn Qaraqūsh, near northwest corner in the northern wall; destroyed during the city modernization by Muḩammad ‘Alī in early 19th century.
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Blessedness?) I, built by Jawhar al-Şaqalī; destroyed in 1936.
- Шаблон:Transliteration II, built by Şalāh al-Din in 1184; part of the eastern wall which was built far to the east to allow expansion of the city eastward from the Nile.
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Succour), in the southern Cairo wall at the hall where the tomb of Set Seada is located.
- Шаблон:Transliteration - finished in the year 1087, remains at the northern end of Muizz Street
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the New Gate), built in 1170 in the eastern wall; still remains.
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of the Attacker)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Ḩusayniyyah Gate, referring to a district)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Creation)
- Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Victory) finished in 969 CE, replaced circa 1121 by the Bab al-'Izz (Gate of Prosperity), remains in Muizz Street district
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of the Bridge)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Alkali)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar, attributed to the name of a tribe)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of the Chain)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of the Secret)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Gate of Success)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (the Minister's Gate), opened in 1341 by the Шаблон:Transliteration (vizier—minister of state) Najm al-Dīn Muḩammad; still remains.
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Khān al-Khalīlī Gate, referring to a district, Khan el-Khalili)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Gate of Happiness)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Gate of the Milky Way)
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Transliteration), the last remaining southern gate from the walls of 11th and 12th century Fatimid Cairo.
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Islamic Cairo Шаблон:Authority control
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