Английская Википедия:Gatka
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Not to be confused with Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Martial artШаблон:Sikhism sidebar
Gatka (Шаблон:Lang-pa; Шаблон:Lang-pa; Шаблон:Lang-hi; Шаблон:Lang-ur) is a form of martial art associated primarily with the Sikhs of the Punjab and other related ethnic groups, such as Hindkowans.[1][2] It is a style of stick-fighting, with wooden sticks intended to simulate swords.[3] The Punjabi name, Шаблон:Lang, refers to the wooden stick used and this term might have originated as a diminutive of a Sanskrit word, Шаблон:Lang, meaning "mace".[4]
The stick used in Gatka is made of wood and is usually Шаблон:Convert long, with a thickness of around Шаблон:Convert. It comes with a fitted leather hilt, Шаблон:Convert and is often decorated with Punjabi-style multi-coloured threads.[2]
The other weapon used in the sport is a shield, natively known as Шаблон:Lang. It is round in shape, measuring Шаблон:Convert, and is made of dry leather. It is filled with either cotton or dry grass to protect the hand of player in case of full contact hit by an opponent.[2]
Gatka originated in the Punjab in the 15th century. There has been a revival during the later 20th century, with an International Gatka Federation was founded in 1982 and formalized in 1987, and gatka is now popular as a sport or sword dance performance art and is often shown during Sikh festivals.[5]
History
Gatka's theory and techniques were taught by the Sikh gurus. It has been handed down in an unbroken lineage of ustāds (masters), and taught in many akharas (arenas) around the world. Gatka was employed in the Sikh wars and has been thoroughly battle-tested. It originates from the need to defend Шаблон:Lang (righteousness), but is also based on the unification of the spirit and body: miri piri). It is, therefore, generally considered to be both a spiritual and physical practice.[6]
After the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the art was banned by the new British administrators of India in the mid-19th century.[7]Шаблон:Better source During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Sikhs assisted the British in crushing the mutiny. As a consequence of this assistance, restrictions on fighting practices were relaxed, but the Punjabi martial arts which re-emerged after 1857 had changed significantly.[8] The new style applied the sword-fighting techniques to the wooden training-stick. It was referred to as Шаблон:Lang, after its primary weapon. Gatka was used mainly by the British Indian Army in the 1860s as practice for hand-to-hand combat. The Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs of the Government of India has included Gatka, with three other indigenous games, namely Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang, as part of the planned Khelo India Youth Games 2021, expected to be held in Haryana.[9] This is a national sports event in India.[10]
The IOA plans to include Gatka in the 37th National Games of India in 2023 held in Goa.
Competition
Шаблон:Lang (meaning "sport" or "game") is the modern competitive aspect of gatka, originally used as a method of sword-training (Шаблон:Lang) or stick-fighting (Шаблон:Lang) in medieval times. While Шаблон:Lang gatka is today most commonly associated with Sikhs, it has always been used in the martial arts of other ethno-cultural groups. It is still practiced in India and Pakistan by the Tanoli and Gujjar communities.[11][2]
Influence on Defendu
The Defendu system devised by Captain William E. Fairbairn and Captain Eric Anthony Sykes borrowed methodologies from Gatka, jujutsu, Chinese martial arts and "gutter fighting". This method was used to train soldiers in close-combat techniques at the Commando Basic Training Centre at Achnacarry in Scotland.[12]
See also
- Angampora
- Banshay
- Bataireacht
- Bōjutsu
- Commandos (United Kingdom)
- Hola Mohalla
- Indian martial arts
- Jūkendō
- Kalaripayattu
- Kendo
- Kenjutsu
- Krabi–krabong
- Kuttu Varisai
- Mardani khel
- Nihang
- Paika akhada
- Pehlwani
- Shastar Vidya
- Silambam
- Silambam Asia
- Special Operations Executive (SOE)
- Sqay
- Tahtib
- Thang-ta
- Varma kalai
- World Silambam Association
References
External links
- Nanak Dev Singh Khalsa & Sat Katar Kaur Ocasio-Khalsa (1991) Gatka as taught by Nanak Dev Singh, Book One - Dance of the Sword (2nd Edition). GT International, Phoenix, Arizona. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Olaf Janson (2015) Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife: The famous fighting knife used by British commandos and SOE during WW2. Gothia Arms Historical Society
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Indian martial arts
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ananda Lal, The Oxford companion to Indian theatre, Oxford University Press (2004), Шаблон:ISBN, p. 129.
- ↑ Sikh martial art `Gatka' takes the West by storm. (Press Trust of India). The Hindu
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ [MILITARY SIKHS: The Education of a Sikh Warrior. Victoria and Albert Museum.] 'An introduction to Shastar Vidiya - the education of a Sikh warrior' was a lecture by Nidar Singh, given as part of the Sikh Arts and Heritage Lecture Series at the V&A, 10 October 2001.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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