Английская Википедия:General Aircraft Monospar ST-25
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English
Шаблон:Infobox aircraft typeThe General Aircraft Monospar ST-25 was a British 1930s light twin-engined utility aircraft.
Design and development
The Monospar ST-25 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fabric-covered metal structure. The monospar name came from the use of a single spar in the wing structure, that had been developed by H J Stieger. The cabin was enclosed with five seats. It was based on the GAL Monospar ST-10, with the addition of a folding seat for a fifth passenger, extra side windows, and the addition of a radio receiver. On 19 June 1935, the prototype (G-ADIV) made its first flight at Hanworth Air Park. It was designated Monospar ST-25 Jubilee, to honour the 25th anniversary of the reign of King George V.[1]
Operational history
- The last flying Monospar ST-25 (ZK-AFF), of Piet Van Asch, the owner of New Zealand Aerial Mapping Ltd, was lost in 1986 in a hangar fire.[2]
- The last surviving Monospar ST-25 (OY-DAZ), an ST-25 Ambulance, was fully restored during 1989–1999, and is now displayed in Egeskov Veteranmuseum at Egeskov Castle, Denmark.[3]
Variants
- Monospar ST-25 Jubilee
- (1935-1936) Single fin and rudder. 30 built.[1]
- Monospar ST-25 De Luxe
- One Monospar ST-25 Jubilee with a large single fin and two Niagara II engines, later converted to the prototype Monospar ST-25 Universal, with twin fins.[1]
- Monospar ST-25 Ambulance
- Variants of both Monospar ST-25 Jubilee and ST-25 Universal, with a large door on the starboard side to allow a stretcher to be loaded.[1]
- Monospar ST-25 Universal
- (1936-1939) Twin fin and twin rudder. 29 built, including the conversion of the De Luxe.[1]
- Monospar ST-25 Freighter
- A variant of the Monospar ST-25 Universal, with a large freight door but without the passenger seating.[1]
- GAL.26
- One modified Monospar ST-25 Jubilee, fitted with two Cirrus Minor I engines in 1936.[1]
- GAL.41
- One experimental aircraft based on the Monospar ST-25 Universal. A new fuselage was built containing a pressurized section with two seats. Its purpose was to test possible pressurization systems for a proposed airliner, the GAL.40.[4][lower-alpha 1] The GAL.41 flew for the first time on 11 May 1939,[6] and was grounded in 1941.[7]
Operators
- Adelaide Airways/Australian National Airways[8]
- Airlines WA[8]
- Eastern Canada Air Lines (five ST-25 Freighters, delivered in 1936)[8]
- Maritime Airways[8]
- Zone-Redningskorpset - 1 ambulance version[8]
- ES-AXY "Vahur", in the service of the Ministry of Transport and Communications[9]
- Armée de l'Air (2 ST-25 in Indochine (Vietnam) in November 1945)[10]
- Van Melle's Confectionery Works, Breskens (one Jubilee, PH-IPM "Dubbele Arend", delivered in 1935)[11]
- New Zealand Aerial Mapping
- Royal New Zealand Air Force
- General Command of Mapping (Turkey)
- Turkish Government (two ST-25 Freighters for parachute training delivered in 1937)
- Crilly Airways[12]
- Utility Airways[13]
- Royal Aircraft Establishment (two Jubilees used for radio development)
- Royal Air Force (impressed civil aircraft used during the second world war)
Specifications (Monospar ST-25 Jubilee)
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
- Howson, Gerald. 1990. Aircraft of the Spanish Civil War 1936–39. Putnam Шаблон:ISBN
- Jackson, A.J. (1973). British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 2. Putnam. pp. 215–220, 519–521 Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite magazine
- Шаблон:Cite magazine
- Ogden, Bob (2009). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air-Britain. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite magazine
- Шаблон:Cite magazine
Шаблон:GAL aircraft Шаблон:Spanish liaison aircraft
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Jackson 1973, pp. 215–220
- ↑ PIET VAN ASCH – New Zealand's Aerial Mapping Pioneer at wings.net.nz Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Ogden (2009)
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ General Aircraft Monopar ST-25 – British Aircraft of World War II accessed 1 July 2017]
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Estonian National Archives Photo Database, EFA.446.0.194553
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
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