Английская Википедия:General Purpose Frigate (Canada)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsThe General Purpose Frigate, or GPF, was a procurement project for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Cold War. The class was also known as the Tribal-class frigate.Шаблон:Sfn Intended as a replacement for the Second World War-era destroyers in service at the time, the frigate design was developed for the Progressive Conservative Diefenbaker government in the late 1950s as part of the general fleet renewal program. The GPF program was cancelled under the Liberal Pearson government as part of their plan to reshape the Canadian Armed Forces.Шаблон:Sfn Following the cancellation, a modified version of the design was used for the Шаблон:Sclasss.Шаблон:Sfn
Background
The Brock Report was released in 1961 and identified the need for a ship capable of replacing the Шаблон:Sclass2s for the Royal Canadian Navy, especially their ability to provide naval gunfire support, along with being capable of carrying a helicopter. The need for further dedicated anti-submarine warfare (ASW) surface platforms was questioned due to the planned addition of submarines. A new design was needed to maintain Canada's surface capability.Шаблон:Sfn However, the ships would retain some ASW capability.Шаблон:Sfn
At the same time NATO had developed a new defence plan, implemented in 1954, that called on Canada to have a force capable of fielding 43 ships. Among the plan's suggestions was the need for Canadian ships to be forward deployed, capable of operating in regions under the threat of Soviet air attack. In response, Canadian naval planners sought to aim for a balanced fleet. This would require an air-defence element, one that was being lost with the jettisoning of the F2H Banshee aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn
The argument supporting the need for the GPFs were based on Canadian foreign policy at the time. Canada's destroyers had been the first Canadian military units deployed to the Korean War in 1950 and the Royal Canadian Navy had carried a Canadian battalion to Egypt following the Suez Crisis.Шаблон:Sfn It was argued that a GPF should then be capable of being deployed on United Nations missions.Шаблон:Sfn The Conservative government also sought to support the Canadian shipbuilding industry, with a plan to build the eight planned frigates in several yards with subcontracting to Canadian businesses. This was done partially for political expediency and because by 1961, the Canadian shipbuilding industry was in need of work following the collapse of the Canadian merchant shipping fleet in the 1950s.Шаблон:Sfn
Development
The GPFs were included as part of the 1961 building program of the Royal Canadian Navy after being presented to the Chiefs of Staff in May. The costing for the program was included in the annual estimates. The building program recommended the construction of eight GPFs which was agreed to by the Cabinet of Canada on 19 March 1962.Шаблон:Sfn
On 11 April 1962, the program was announced in the House of Commons by the Defence Minister and indicated that construction would start by the end of 1963.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The original cost per ship was estimated at C$31 million, however, the design was not finished and by June 1962, the cost had risen to $46 million per ship.Шаблон:Sfn By December 1962 the keel laying had been postponed.Шаблон:Sfn
Design
The design called for a versatile platform, capable of fulfilling several capabilities, such as naval gunfire support, troop lift, and guided missiles.Шаблон:Sfn The vessels would also be able to carry a helicopter and have the speed to catch nuclear-powered submarines.Шаблон:Sfn The dimensions of the design resembled the later Шаблон:Sclass, as the destroyers were based on the General Purpose Frigate design.Шаблон:Sfn Gardiner, Chumbley and Budzbon claim that the GPFs would have had the same displacement and dimensions as the Iroquois class, displacing Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert at deep load. They would have been approximately Шаблон:Convert long overall with a Шаблон:Convert beam and a Шаблон:Convert draught.Шаблон:Sfn However, Milner states that the Iroquois class's beam were wider after a design change.Шаблон:Sfn
The class was to be powered by two shaft geared steam turbines creating Шаблон:Convert. This would give the frigates a designed speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn They were intended to be armed with one twin semi-automatic [[5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun|Шаблон:Convert/54 calibre Mk 42 gun]] and one RIM-24 Tartar surface-to-air missile system and the anti-air MIM-46 Mauler missile system.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn They were also to be equipped with ASW torpedo tubes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Cancellation and fate
Issues arose around the project, including a lack of ministerial oversight on program costs, a lack of qualified engineers and draftsmen to finish the design and design changes by the Naval Board. The Treasury Board sought projected costs for the program, which were estimated at C$150–200 million.Шаблон:Sfn
To keep the project on schedule, the Royal Canadian Navy chose supplies even though the design was not complete.Шаблон:Sfn As design changes delayed the project, estimated costs climbed to roughly C$428 million in 1963.Шаблон:Sfn In May 1963, Canada was informed by the United States that delays in the Tartar missile project would require C$250 million more in funding to solve the problems with that program.Шаблон:Sfn
The Conservative government had been defeated in the 1963 federal election, with an incoming Liberal government. In May 1963, the new Minister of National Defence, Paul Hellyer, ordered the program reviewed and in June, all government capital programs were suspended.Шаблон:Sfn
On 10 October 1963 the program was cancelled by Cabinet as a result of the internal debate about the future of the Royal Canadian Navy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The debate centered on the direction of the future fleet, the focus being on anti-submarine warfare or a more balanced fleet. This took place publicly both in a Maclean's magazine article in September 1963 and before a Special Committee on Defence where the author of the article, Commodore James Plomer and Vice Admiral Herbert Rayner presented their views.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn However, Hellyer had already decided the fate of the program and the cancellation was announced in the House of Commons on 24 October.Шаблон:Sfn
After the cancellation of the GPF project there was still a need for new ships to replace those to be retired and the Royal Canadian Navy came up with several versions of improved GPFs. Paul Hellyer insisted on an ASW platform. The Navy came back with a design similar to that of the GPF and could carry two helicopters. However, in order to do so, they hid some of the details of the project from the minister in order to get approval.Шаблон:Sfn This design would become known as the Iroquois-class destroyer.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
- Шаблон:Sclass2, another failed Canadian procurement project
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Abandoned military projects of Canada
- Cancelled ships
- Frigates of the Royal Canadian Navy
- Proposed ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
- History of the Royal Canadian Navy
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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