Английская Википедия:Genoveva Guardiola de Estrada Palma

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María Genoveva de Jesús Guardiola Arbizú, known as Genoveva Guardiola Arbizú, Genoveva Guardiola de Estrada Palma, or popularly Veva,[1] (30 July 1858 – 30 December 1926) was the Honduran-born wife of the first President of Cuba, Tomás Estrada Palma, when the country gained its independence from Spain, and the inaugural First Lady of Cuba from 1902 to 1906.[1] Raised in Honduras, she moved with her husband to the United States in 1882 and assisted him with the bi-lingual school he established in Central Valley, New York. When her husband was elected as the first president of Cuba, after the country gained independence from Spain, she served as the inaugural First Lady. During her husband's second term in office, he resigned and she moved with him to the Cuban countryside to run an agricultural estate. Upon his death, she returned to the United States. Her image was depicted on a 1956 postage stamp issued by the Honduran Postal Service.

Early life

María Genoveva de Jesús Guardiola Arbizú, called Veva, was born on 30 July 1858, in Comayagua, Honduras to Ana Mateo Arbizú Flores and Honduran President José Santos Guardiola Bustillo.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1878, she met Tomás Estrada Palma, who had been invited to come to Honduras and serve as postmaster general. Estrada, a Cuban national, was a participant in the independence struggle of Cuba from Spain and was arrested and sent to prison in Spain in 1877, he was released and sent to the United States.Шаблон:Sfn Estrada, took up residence with his cousin, the poet José Joaquín Palma in Tegucigalpa, across the street from the widow Arbizú de Guardiola and her five daughters. The widow often hosted musical evenings with her daughter, Galatea playing the piano. A romance developed between 45-year-old Estrada and 23-year-old Veva and they were married on 15 May 1881 and had their first child, José Manuel, the following year.Шаблон:Sfn The band of Cuban exiles who had been living in Honduras began going their separate ways at this time, and the young family left the country in 1882, settling in Central Valley, New York.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Career

Arriving in New York, Estrada[Notes 1] found backers and began a Spanish language/English language school, the Estrada Palma Institute. The school taught primarily Argentine, Cuban, Honduran and Mexican immigrants, but also had American students. Estrada ran the schoolШаблон:Sfn and Guardiola took care of their growing family, which included Tomas Jr. (born ca. 1884), Candelaria (born ca. 1888), twins Carlos and Luz (born ca. 1894) and Raphael (born ca. 1896).Шаблон:Sfn Because Estrada was near New York City, where José Martí was continuing activities to gain Cuban independence from Spain, Estrada was often absent, consulting with Martí. When Martí was killed in 1895, Estrada became the leader of the independence movement, leaving Guardiola to manage their affairs in Central Valley. At the end of the war in 1899, Estrada returned to the Central Valley to take over the reins of the school from his wife. Through encouragement of other generals in the war, Estrada was convinced to run for President of Cuba in the 1901 election. Despite his long residence in New York, he was elected, and Guardiola became the inaugural first lady of an independent Cuba.Шаблон:Sfn

Accompanying Estrada to Cuba, the family attended his inauguration on 20 May 1902Шаблон:Sfn and Guardiola hosted a massive ball with around 2,000 guests on 13 November 1902.Шаблон:Sfn Unless needed for state functions, Guardiola and the family lived separately at a residence in Cambria, a neighborhood two blocks from the Presidential Palace, where Estrada worked daily except on Sundays. He was elected for a second term of office in 1905Шаблон:Sfn and served until his resignation on 28 September 1906.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 October 1906, the family left Havana by boat headed to Matanzas. They remained in Matanzas until mid-1907, when the family relocated to eastern Cuba to a farm Estrada owned in Bayamo.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Selling the home in Central Valley, the entire family worked on the Valmar Plantation, with Guardiola and the daughters doing domestic chores, while the sons managed the farm production. Near the end of 1908, Estrada developed pneumonia and died on 4 November.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Guardiola returned to the United States after his death.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and legacy

De Estrada Palma died on 30 December 1926, New York City, New York.Шаблон:Sfn Her image was depicted on a 1956 postage stamp issued by the Honduran Postal Service.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

Notes

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References

Citations

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite news


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