Английская Википедия:Geography of the United Arab Emirates

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Country geography

The United Arab Emirates is situated in the Middle East and West Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is at a strategic location along the northern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil.[1] The UAE lies between 22°50′ and 26° north latitude and between 51° and 56°25′ east longitude.[2] It shares a Шаблон:Convert border with Qatar on the northwest, a Шаблон:Convert border with Saudi Arabia on the west, south, and southeast, and a Шаблон:Convert border with Oman on the southeast and northeast.[2]

The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd area is a source of long-running dispute[2] (in fact, whether it even shares a land border with Qatar is in dispute). The total area of the UAE is approximately Шаблон:Convert.[1] The country's exact size is unknown because of disputed claims to several islands in the Persian Gulf, because of the lack of precise information on the size of many of these islands, and because most of its land boundaries, especially with Saudi Arabia, remain undemarcated.[2] The largest emirate, Abu Dhabi, accounts for 87 percent of the UAE's total area (Шаблон:Cvt).[2] The smallest emirate, Ajman, encompasses only Шаблон:Cvt.[2]

Boundaries

Файл:United Arab Emirates Topography.png
Topography of the UAE

The UAE stretches for more than Шаблон:Convert along the southern shore of the Persian Gulf.[2] Most of the coast consists of salt pans that extend far inland.[2] A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 637km² of tidal flats in the United Arab Emirates, making it the 40th ranked country in terms of tidal flat extent.[3] The largest natural harbor is at Dubai, although other ports have been dredged at Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and elsewhere.[2] Numerous islands are found in the Persian Gulf, and the ownership of some of them has been the subject of international disputes with both Iran and Qatar.[2] The smaller islands, as well as many coral reefs and shifting sandbars, are a menace to navigation.[2] Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore.[2]

These northern emirates on the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are part of the Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert ecoregion.[4]

South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia.[2] The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation.[2] The extensive Liwa Oasis is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia, and about Шаблон:Convert to the northeast is Al Buraymi Oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border.[2]

Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to pre-empt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation.[2] In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British intervention, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent.[2] The most complicated borders were in the Western Mountains, where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves.[2]

Mountains

Шаблон:Main

The UAE also extends for about Шаблон:Convert along the Gulf of Oman, an area known as Al-Batinah coast.[2] The Western Hajar Mountains (Jibāl Al-Ḥajar Al-Gharbī), rising in places to Шаблон:Convert, separate Al-Batinah coast from the rest of the UAE.[2] Beginning at the UAE-Oman border on the Persian Gulf coast of the Ras Musandam (Musandam Peninsula), the Western Mountains extend southeastward for about Шаблон:Convert to the southernmost UAE-Oman frontier on the Gulf of Oman.[2] The range continues as the Eastern Hajar Mountains (Jibāl Al-Ḥajar Ash-Sharqī) for more than Шаблон:Convert into Oman.[2] The steep mountain slopes run directly to the shore in many places.[2] Nevertheless, there are small harbors at Dibba Al-Hisn, Kalba, and Khor Fakkan on the Gulf of Oman.[2] In the vicinity of Fujairah, where the mountains do not approach the coast, there are sandy beaches.[2]

Climate

Шаблон:See also

Файл:Water Stress, Top Countries (2020).svg
United Arab Emirates is the second most water stressed country in the world.

The climate of the UAE generally is very hot and sunny.[2] The hottest months are July and August, when average maximum temperatures reach above Шаблон:Convert on the coastal plain.[2] In the Western Hajar Mountains, temperatures are considerably cooler, a result of increased altitude.[2] Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between Шаблон:Convert.[2] During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as the sharqi makes the coastal region especially unpleasant.[2] The average annual rainfall in the coastal area is less than Шаблон:Convert, but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches Шаблон:Convert.[2] Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the summer months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry wadi beds.[2] The region is prone to occasional, violent dust storms, which can severely reduce visibility.[2] The Jebel Jais mountain cluster in Ras Al Khaimah has experienced snow only four times (2004, 2009, 2017 and 2020) since records began.[5][6]

Шаблон:Weather box

Шаблон:Weather box

Flora and fauna

Шаблон:Main Date palms, as well as acacia and eucalyptus trees, are commonly found growing at the region's oases. Within the desert itself, the flora is much more sparse and primarily consists of grasses and thornbushes.

The region's indigenous fauna had previously come close to extinction due to intensive hunting, which led to a 1970s conservation program on the Bani Yas island by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan; this resulted in the survival of Arabian oryxes and leopards, among others.[7] The region's coastal fish consist mainly of mackerel, perch and tuna, as well as sharks and whales.

Area and land boundaries

Файл:Rolling Sand Dunes of Abu Dhabi.jpg
Sand Dunes on the outskirts of Liwa Oasis in the western region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Area:

Land boundaries:

Coastline: Шаблон:Convert[1]

Maritime claims:

Elevation extremes:

Resources and land use

Environmental concerns

Шаблон:Main

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:United Arab Emirates topics Шаблон:Geography of Asia Шаблон:Asia topic

Партнерские ресурсы
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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 Шаблон:Cite web Шаблон:PD-notice
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 2,16 2,17 2,18 2,19 2,20 2,21 2,22 2,23 2,24 2,25 2,26 2,27 2,28 2,29 2,30 2,31 2,32 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:WWF ecoregion
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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