Английская Википедия:Geometric genus

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description In algebraic geometry, the geometric genus is a basic birational invariant Шаблон:Math of algebraic varieties and complex manifolds.

Definition

The geometric genus can be defined for non-singular complex projective varieties and more generally for complex manifolds as the Hodge number Шаблон:Math (equal to Шаблон:Math by Serre duality), that is, the dimension of the canonical linear system plus one.

In other words for a variety Шаблон:Mvar of complex dimension Шаблон:Mvar it is the number of linearly independent holomorphic Шаблон:Mvar-forms to be found on Шаблон:Mvar.[1] This definition, as the dimension of

Шаблон:Math

then carries over to any base field, when Шаблон:Math is taken to be the sheaf of Kähler differentials and the power is the (top) exterior power, the canonical line bundle.

The geometric genus is the first invariant Шаблон:Math of a sequence of invariants Шаблон:Math called the plurigenera.

Case of curves

In the case of complex varieties, (the complex loci of) non-singular curves are Riemann surfaces. The algebraic definition of genus agrees with the topological notion. On a nonsingular curve, the canonical line bundle has degree Шаблон:Math.

The notion of genus features prominently in the statement of the Riemann–Roch theorem (see also Riemann–Roch theorem for algebraic curves) and of the Riemann–Hurwitz formula. By the Riemann-Roch theorem, an irreducible plane curve of degree d has geometric genus

<math>g=\frac{(d-1)(d-2)}{2}-s,</math>

where s is the number of singularities.

If Шаблон:Mvar is an irreducible (and smooth) hypersurface in the projective plane cut out by a polynomial equation of degree Шаблон:Mvar, then its normal line bundle is the Serre twisting sheaf Шаблон:TmathШаблон:Math, so by the adjunction formula, the canonical line bundle of Шаблон:Mvar is given by

<math> \mathcal K_C = \left[ \mathcal K_{\mathbb P^2} + \mathcal O(d) \right]_{\vert C} = \mathcal O(d-3)_{\vert C} </math>

Genus of singular varieties

The definition of geometric genus is carried over classically to singular curves Шаблон:Mvar, by decreeing that

Шаблон:Math

is the geometric genus of the normalization Шаблон:Math. That is, since the mapping

Шаблон:Math

is birational, the definition is extended by birational invariance.

See also

Notes

  1. Danilov & Shokurov (1998), [[[:Шаблон:Google books]] p. 53]

References