Английская Википедия:Georgeanne R. Caughlan

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox scientist Georgeanne (Jan) Caughlan (née Robertson; 25 October 1916 – 3 January 1994) was an American astrophysicist known for her work on stellar energy generation. Her compilation of experimental data of the rates of nuclear reactions was instrumental in establishing the theory of nucleosynthesis that led to a Nobel Prize for William A. Fowler.

Life

Georgeanne Robertson was born on 25 October 1916, the fourth of five children of George Duncan and Anna (McLeod) Robertson, in Montesano, Washington. She attended the University of Washington where she received a bachelor's degree in physics in 1937.Шаблон:Sfn

She married Charles Caughlan, a chemist, in 1936, with whom she had four children. She and Charles divorced in the early 1970s.Шаблон:Sfn

After her children grew up, she started her doctoral studies at the University of Washington, receiving her PhD in 1964.Шаблон:Sfn

She died on 3 January 1994.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Caughlan joined Montana State University in 1957 as an instructor. Between 1961 and 1963, she was a summer research fellow at Caltech, working with William A. Fowler on stellar energy generation. She became an assistant professor at Montana State University in 1961, proceeding to a full professorship in 1974. Upon her retirement in 1984, she was made Professor Emerita.Шаблон:Sfn

Energy and nuclear generation in stars

In the early 1960s, Caughlan began to collect experimental data on stellar nuclear reactions as part of Fowler's researches into energy generation. She transmitted them in handwritten letters to Fowler.Шаблон:Sfn Along with Fowler, Caughlan developed a standard format for the presentation of proton, deuteron and alpha particle reaction rates with nuclei from hydrogen to silicon.Шаблон:Sfn Fowler, in particular, recognised Caughlan's studies of stellar structure and the theoretical impetus from her that led to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.Шаблон:Sfn

The compilations of astrophysical nuclear data by Caughlan (along with Barbara Zimmerman and Fowler) were published periodically, and were considered the 'bible' of nuclear astrophysics.Шаблон:Sfn

During Caughlan's stint at Caltech, the first computations of the structure and evolution of stars became possible as computers developed to sufficient power.Шаблон:Sfn A computer program developed by Robert V. Wagoner to simulate the synthesis of 41 nuclei in stars required astrophysical rates from Caughlan's work.Шаблон:Sfn

CNO cycle

The carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle is a process in stellar fusion that converts hydrogen to helium. In 1965, Caughlan computed that if a star exceeds thirty solar masses, the CNO cycle would result in nitrogen atoms outnumbering carbon and oxygen by a factor of 100. The star eta Carinae was determined to be in its final stages of life based on the observation of such nitrogen excess: its spectrum shows nitrogen lines but no oxygen lines.Шаблон:Sfn

Selected works

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Authority control

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