Английская Википедия:Gerhard Loos

Gerhard Loos (21 August 1916 – 6 March 1944) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he claimed 92 aerial victories, 14 of which were claimed in Defense of the Reich.Шаблон:Sfn

Born in Kommern within the Sudetenland, Loos served in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany. Following flight training, he served as an instructor before being posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in late 1942, operating on the Eastern Front. He claimed his first aerial victory on 19 February 1943. By late September 1943, his number of aerial victories had increased to 83 and was transferred to the Western Front. Here, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 February 1944. On 21 February, Loos was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 54. He was killed in action on 6 March 1944 in aerial combat with United States Army Air Forces fighters near Oldenburg.

Career

Loos was born on 21 August 1916 in Kommern, at the time part of Brüx within the Sudetenland, present-day Komořany which is part of Most in the Czech Republic. In early 1939, Loos entered the Luftwaffe and following completion of flight and fighter pilot training,Шаблон:Refn he served as an instructor with a Jagdfliegerschule 5, the fighter pilot school in Wien-Schwechat. In late 1942, Loos was posted to I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) based on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

War against the Soviet Union

In early 1943, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was based at Krasnogvardeysk, present-day Gatchina, southwest of Leningrad, and fighting in the Siege of Leningrad in support of Army Group North. In February, the Gruppe converted from the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-2 to the radial engine powered Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 fighter aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn Loos claimed his first aerial victory on 19 February while fighting in the Demyansk Offensive. Assigned to 3. Staffel under command of Hauptmann Gerhard Koall, Loss shot down a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-4 JG 54 Nowotny, modello (Museo del modellismo storico Voghenza).JPG

Scale model of Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 JG 54.

In early July, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was ordered to move to Oryol, in the southern sector of Army Group Centre, where it fought in Operation Citadel which initiated the Battle of Kursk. Subordinated to Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6), the Gruppe began relocating on 2 July and arrived at the airfield named Panikowo, a makeshift airfield created for the attack on the Kursk salient, on 4 July.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, the Wehrmacht launched Operation Citadel and I. Gruppe supported the attack of the 9th Army on the northern sector of the salient, escorting bombers of Kampfgeschwader 4, 51 and KG 53 (KG 4, KG 51—4th, 51st Bomber Wing), as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) to their target areas. That day, I. Gruppe claimed 59 aerial victories, including five aircraft, three Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighters and two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, by Loos in the vicinity of Maloarkhangelsk. This achievement made him an "ace-in-a-day".Шаблон:Sfn Two days later, Loos claimed another Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down. The Il-2 belonged to 299 ShAD (Шаблон:Lang—Ground Attack Air Division) piloted by Leytenánt A. S. Baranov.Шаблон:Sfn

On 20 July during the Soviet counteroffensive Operation Kutuzov, I. Gruppe relocated to Karachev.Шаблон:Sfn On 4 August, supporting German forces fighting at Oryol, the Gruppe claimed 25 aerial victories, including six by Loos, his second "ace-in-a-day" achievement.Шаблон:Sfn On 9 August, the Gruppe was ordered to an aifield named Bolschoje Rudka located near Poltava. Here the Gruppe supported German forces fighting against the Soviet Belgorod–Bogodukhov offensive operation.Шаблон:Sfn Here on 23 August on the final day of the Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation, Loos achieved his third "ace-in-a-day" achievement, claiming three Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers, also known as Boston, two Pe-2 bombers and a single Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down.Шаблон:Sfn On 20 September, Loos was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Eight days later, he was transferred to III. Gruppe of JG 54 which was fighting in Defense of the Reich.Шаблон:Sfn

Defense of the Reich and death

In late September 1943, III. Gruppe of JG 54 was under command of Hauptmann Siegfried Schnell and was based at Schwerin.Шаблон:Sfn For his 83 aerial victories claimed, Loos was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 17 October.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 December, the Gruppe was moved to Ludwigslust. Loos claimed his first aerial victory in Defense of the Reich on 20 December. That day, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) VIII Bomber Command targeted Bremen in northern Germany. III. Gruppe was scrambled at 11:10 and intercepted the bombers and their fighter escorts at 12:00 in the area of Bremen following their bomb run. In this encounter, Loos claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

Loos claimed his second B-17 bomber on 11 January 1944 when pilots of III. Gruppe claimed ten B-17 bombers and two escorting North American P-51 Mustang fighters.Шаблон:Sfn On 5 February, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Loos was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel of JG 54 on 21 February.Шаблон:Sfn He succeeded Oberleutnant Wilhelm Schilling who was transferred.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 March, Loos flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 411922—factory number) was shot down in aerial combat near Reinsehlen.Шаблон:Sfn His victor may have been Lieutenant John Howell of the 357th Fighter Group.Шаблон:Sfn Hanging on his parachute, he was drifting into a high voltage power line. Releasing the parachute at Шаблон:Convert he fell to his death.Шаблон:Sfn Loos was briefly replaced by Leutnant Alfred Kromer, who was killed only two days later. Command of 9. Staffel was then passed to Hauptmann Emil Lang.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Loos was credited with 92 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists him with 92 aerial victories, 78 of which on the Eastern Front and 14 on the Western Front, including two four-engined heavy bombers.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 84 aerial victory claims, all but one four-engined heavy bomber on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost 10473". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — February 1943
1	19 February 1943	15:23	Pe-2	PQ 36 Ost 10473Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Lubań	2	22 February 1943	16:04	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 00423Шаблон:Sfn Puskin-Mga
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 4 February – 28 September 1943
3	2 March 1943	11:32	I-16	PQ 26 Ost 90272Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Lomonosov	44	7 August 1943	11:28	P-40	PQ 35 Ost 54581Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Karachev
4	22 March 1943	11:52	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 00411Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Pushkin	45	7 August 1943	11:39	P-40	PQ 35 Ost 54594Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Karachev
5	8 April 1943	18:06	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 00243Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Leningrad	46	8 August 1943	18:36	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 54823Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bolkhov
6	24 May 1943	19:35	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 09814Шаблон:Sfn	47	8 August 1943	18:47	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 53281Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Oryol
7	24 May 1943	19:38	P-40	PQ 35 Ost 09833Шаблон:Sfn	48	9 August 1943	12:05	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 61724Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Zolochiv
8	24 May 1943	19:41	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 19741Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Staraya Russa	49	12 August 1943	09:17	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 41692Шаблон:Sfn
9	24 May 1943	19:50	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 19761Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Staraya Russa	50	12 August 1943	17:25	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 41633Шаблон:Sfn
10♠	5 July 1943	09:55	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63751Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	51	12 August 1943	17:28	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 41631Шаблон:Sfn
11♠	5 July 1943	10:03	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63863Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Kursk	52	12 August 1943	17:29	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 41632Шаблон:Sfn
12♠	5 July 1943	18:32	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63553Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	53	13 August 1943	16:44	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61713Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zolochiv
13♠	5 July 1943	18:43	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 73573Шаблон:Sfn	54	13 August 1943	17:00	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 51711Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Zolochiv
14♠	5 July 1943	18:48	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63694Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk	55	13 August 1943	19:02	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 61351Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Belgorod
15	7 July 1943	05:15	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63494Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	56	15 August 1943	11:07	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51814Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Bogodukhov
16	8 July 1943	17:38	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 63574Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	57	16 August 1943	11:18	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51644Шаблон:Sfn south of Grayvoron
17	9 July 1943	12:09	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63683Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Maloarkhangelsk	58	18 August 1943	07:38	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 60181Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
18?Шаблон:Refn	9 July 1943	12:10	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63649Шаблон:Sfn	59	18 August 1943	07:41	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 60131Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
19	9 July 1943	12:16	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 63672Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Maloarkhangelsk	60	18 August 1943	07:49	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 60163Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
20	10 July 1943	14:31	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63575Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Oboyan	61	18 August 1943	07:51	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 60163Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
21	12 July 1943	17:27	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 64247Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Plavsk	62	19 August 1943	13:13	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 51354Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Grayvoron
22	12 July 1943	17:32	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 64424Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Belyov	63	19 August 1943	15:33	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 51721Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bogodukhov
23	13 July 1943	12:24	Yak-7	PQ 35 Ost 54499Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov	64	19 August 1943	15:39	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 51811Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Bogodukhov
24	13 July 1943	12:29	Yak-7	PQ 35 Ost 64489Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov	65	20 August 1943	18:20	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51792Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Bogodukhov
25	14 July 1943	16:37	MiG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54442Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov	66	20 August 1943	18:21	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51871Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Bogodukhov
26	18 July 1943	06:54	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54484Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov	67	20 August 1943	18:24	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51844Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Bogodukhov
27	21 July 1943	19:52	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54655Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov	68	21 August 1943	06:58	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51672Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Bogodukhov
28	31 July 1943	09:43?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54861Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bolkhov	69	21 August 1943	07:02	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51643Шаблон:Sfn south of Grayvoron
29	1 August 1943	14:16	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 54652Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov	70	21 August 1943	16:00	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 51544Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bogodukhov
30	2 August 1943	17:07	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54663Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bolkhov	71	22 August 1943	07:35	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51572Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bogodukhov
31	2 August 1943	17:09	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54543Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karachev	72	22 August 1943	10:24	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 51513Шаблон:Sfn area northeast of Bogodukhov
32	3 August 1943	14:06	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 53121Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Tschaikowka	73	22 August 1943	14:25	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 60242Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
33	3 August 1943	16:42	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54724Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Woronowo	74♠	23 August 1943	06:20	Boston	PQ 35 Ost 41654Шаблон:Sfn
34	3 August 1943	17:14	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54173Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Karachev	75♠	23 August 1943	06:25	Boston	PQ 35 Ost 41663Шаблон:Sfn
35♠	4 August 1943	11:52	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 54583Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Karachev	76♠	23 August 1943	06:28	Boston	PQ 35 Ost 51514Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bogodukhov
36♠	4 August 1943	11:53	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54723Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Woronowo	77♠	23 August 1943	17:02	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 60762Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kharkov
37♠	4 August 1943	12:01	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 54693Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Bolkhov	78♠	23 August 1943	17:04	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 61813Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Vovchansk
38♠	4 August 1943	12:06	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54522Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karachev	79♠	23 August 1943	17:06	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 61744Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Zolochiv
39♠	4 August 1943	15:33	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54573Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karachev	80	21 September 1943	13:32	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 12461Шаблон:Sfn
40♠	4 August 1943	18:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 44571Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karachev	81	21 September 1943	13:34	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 12463Шаблон:Sfn
41	6 August 1943	12:20?Шаблон:Refn	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 44663Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Karachev	82	22 September 1943	14:42	Il-2?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 35 Ost 12483Шаблон:Sfn
42	6 August 1943	12:56	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 54591Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Karachev	83	26 September 1943	09:59	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 15667Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Schatalowka
43	7 August 1943	08:53	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 54594Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Karachev
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich — December 1943 – 6 March 1944
84	20 December 1943	12:04	B-17	PQ 05 Ost S/DSШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Bremen	85?^{[Note 1]}	11 January 1944	11:30	B-17Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 September 1943 as Leutnant and pilotШаблон:Sfn
German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as Leutnant in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 February 1944 as Leutnant and Staffelführer of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Subject bar

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[Note 1]

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Английская Википедия:Gerhard Loos

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