Английская Википедия:Gerindra Party

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox Indonesian political party The Gerindra Party (acronym for Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Literal translation) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in Indonesia. Since 2019, it has been the third-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR) with 78 seats. It is led by the former army general Prabowo Subianto.

Formed in 2008, Gerindra serves as the political vehicle for Prabowo. The party first participated in the 2009 legislative election and secured 26 seats in the DPR. In the presidential election, Prabowo ran as the vice-presidential candidate for Megawati Soekarnoputri of PDI-P, but they were defeated by the incumbent president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). Gerindra then became the opposition to the SBY administration. Gerindra placed third in the 2014 legislative election, and Prabowo ran with Hatta Rajasa against Joko Widodo (Jokowi) in the presidential election, but they lost. Gerindra once again became the opposition to the government. In the 2019 legislative election, Gerindra won the second-highest majority of votes. Prabowo ran with Sandiaga Uno against Jokowi and lost again. After Prabowo reconciled with Jokowi in July 2019, Gerindra joined the government coalition and he was appointed as the Minister of Defense.

History

After coming last in Golkar's presidential convention on 21 April 2004, Prabowo served as a member of Golkar's Advisory Board until his resignation on 12 July 2008. Gerindra was formed on 6 February 2008 at the suggestion of Prabowo's younger brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, who helped pay for party's prime-time TV advertising campaign.[1] Prabowo was appointed chairman of the party's Founding Board.

Gerindra's provincial level election teams were formed in February 2009. The party then claimed a membership of approximately 15 million, with its support base coming from across Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.[2]

The party won 4.5% of the vote in the 2009 legislative election, and was awarded 26 seats in the People's Representative Council.[3]

The Reform Star Party (PBR) was merged into Gerindra in February 2011.[4]

In the national legislative election on 9 April 2014, the party's vote share jumped to 11.8%, making it the third-most popular party in Indonesia.[5] Gerindra almost trebled the number of seats it won from 26 seats in 2009 to 73 seats in 2014.

Following the death of Gerindra chairman Suhardi on 28 August 2014, Prabowo was appointed general chairman on 20 September 2014.[6]

Political identities

Ideology

The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.[7] As per Articles 5 and 7 of its constitution and bylaws (AD/ART), Gerindra is founded on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while its identity is rooted in nationalism, populism, religion, and social justice.[8] In February 2019, the party's central board member Andre Rosiade described Gerindra as a "religious-nationalist" party.[9] Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified Gerindra as a nationalist party,[10] while their international counterparts described it as a secular party with hard nationalist stance[11] or "militant nationalist" party.[12] Tom Power disagrees with labeling Gerindra as a secular party and categorizes it as a "inclusivist-nationalist" party, due to its perceived willingness to compromise on Islamic political agendas.[13] Its political leaning has been described as right-wing[14][15] or right-wing populist.[16][17][18][19]

Political positions

In its political manifesto, Gerindra has taken positions on several issues. On politics, Gerindra seeks to overhaul Indonesia's political system, rejecting liberal democracy as counterproductive. It advocates a culturally aligned democracy, emphasizing robust national leadership based on Pancasila and the constitution.[20] In the economic field, Gerindra advocates economic populism, criticizing post-Reform Indonesia's liberal economy. It seeks increased state involvement, rejects rising foreign debt, opposes the privatization of state-owned enterprises (BUMN), calls for the reevaluation of laws favoring foreign entities (such as the Oil and Gas Law and the Investment Law), and favors reintroducing Broad Outlines of State Policy (GBHN). Gerindra rejects a free-market system and supports protectionist measures.[21] Gerindra follows a populist[22] and nationalist economic platform, targeting the lower middle class such as farmers and fishers, though its supporters in the 2014 general election were disproportionately urban dwellers.[23]

In November 2019, Gerindra deputy chairman Fadli Zon said the party firmly rejects lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. Gerindra's Twitter account said the party supports early efforts to prevent LGBT in the community and schools, by involving religious leaders and health experts.[24]

In foreign policy, Prabowo has expressed a desire for closer diplomatic ties with China and India, while calling for distance from the West.[25] He has proposed a peace plan to end the Russo-Ukrainian War, involving holding referendums in disputed areas between the two countries, which was subsequently condemned by Ukraine.[26] In January 2022, Prabowo expressed openness to the normalization of Indonesia–Israel relations.[27]

Leadership structure

The following leadership structure of the party are as follows (2020-2025)[28]

Leader of the Advisory Council: Lieutenant General (Ret.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo

Deputy Leader of the Advisory Council

Secretary of the Advisory Council: Sugiono

Vice Secretary of the Advisory Council: Prasetyo Hadi

General Chairman: Lieutenant General (Ret.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo

Vice Chairman

  • Deputy General Chairperson for Organization, Cadre Generation, Membership and Election Victory: Sufmi Dasco Ahmad
  • Deputy General Chair for Foreign Affairs: Fadli Zon
  • Deputy General Chair for Ideology, Politics, Government, Party Discipline and Strategic Information: Sugiono
  • Deputy General Chairperson for Economic and Environmental Affairs: Budi Djiwandono
  • Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Defense and Security: Major General TNI (Ret.) Musa Bangun
  • Deputy Chairperson General Chairperson for Network Potential Empowerment, Cooperatives and MSMEs: Ferry Joko Yuliantono
  • Deputy Chairperson for Health and Employment Affairs: Drg. Putih Sari
  • Deputy Chairperson of the General Chair for Youth, Women and Children: Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo
  • Deputy Chairperson for Legal and Advocacy: Habiburokhman
  • Deputy Chairperson for Community Service and People's Welfare: Sumaryati Amin Aryoso
  • Deputy Chairperson for Education and Infrastructure: Susi Marleny Bachsin
  • Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Religious Affairs: Mochamad Irfan Yusuf

Secretary General: Ahmad Muzani

Treasurer: Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono

Wing organizations

Gerindra's wing organizations include:

  • TIDAR (Tunas Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Bud)
  • PIRA (Perempuan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Woman)
  • GEMIRA (Gerakan Muslim Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)
  • GEKIRA (Gerakan Kristiani Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christian Movement); formerly named KIRA (Kristen Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christians).
  • GEMA SADHANA (Gerakan Masyarakat Sanathana Dharma Nusantara, Sanathana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement); for Hindus and Buddhists.
  • PETIR (Persatuan Tionghoa Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Chinese Association)
  • SATRIA (Satuan Relawan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Volunteer Unit)
  • SEGARA (Sentral Gerakan Buruh Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center; for labour movements)
  • KESIRA (Kesehatan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Health; for health workers)
  • BGM (Barisan Garuda Muda, Young Garuda Front)
  • GMI (Garuda Muda Indonesia, Indonesia Young Garudas)

Election results

Legislative election results

Election Ballot number Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Party leader
2009 5 Шаблон:Composition bar 4,642,795 4.46%[29] Шаблон:Increase26 seats, Opposition Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair)
Suhardi (General chair)
2014 6 Шаблон:Composition bar 14,760,371 11.81%[30] Шаблон:Increase47 seats, Opposition Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair)
Suhardi (General chair)
2019 2 Шаблон:Composition bar 17,594,839 12.57%[31] Шаблон:Increase5 seats, Opposition (until 2019)
Governing Coalition (after 2019) 		Prabowo Subianto
2024 2 Prabowo Subianto

Presidential election results

Election Ballot number Pres. candidate Running mate 1st round
Шаблон:Small 		Share of votes Outcome 2nd round
Шаблон:Small 		Share of votes Outcome
2009 1 Megawati Sukarnoputri Prabowo Subianto 32,548,105 26.79% Шаблон:No2
2014 1 Prabowo Subianto[32] Hatta Rajasa 62,576,444 46.85% Шаблон:No2
2019 02 Prabowo Subianto Sandiaga Uno 68,650,239 44.50% Шаблон:No2
2024 02 Prabowo Subianto Gibran Rakabuming Raka

Note: Bold text suggests the party's member, or a former member who was still active in the party by the time of his nomination.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Indonesian political parties

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Akan tetapi, dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik kembali dipertegas bahwa asas dan ciri partai politik merupakan penjabaran dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945." Translation: In Law No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, it is emphasized that the principles and characteristics of political parties derive from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Kalau Gerindra ini partai nasionalis religius, partai yang paling lengkap kebhinekaan-nya." Translation: Gerindra is a religious-nationalist party, the most complete in its diversity.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "So-called nationalist parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Prabowo Subianto's political machine the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Golkar Party, National Democratic Party (NasDem) and the Democratic Party are still the dominant forces in Indonesian politics."
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "It is a secular party whose chief ideology appears to be fierce nationalism and defense of the unitary state."
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Gerindra (Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya), Greater Indonesia Movement Party; a militant nationalist party formed in 2008."
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: Gerindra is listed as "Inclusivist-Nationalist (Centrist)" in the table.
    "Coupled with Prabowo's willingness to adopt a more 'Islamic' tone in his campaign, it seems there is sufficient evidence to doubt Gerindra's commitment to a 'secular' agenda. For these reasons, Gerindra cannot be included in the 'secular-nationalist' camp."
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "...while Anies is backed by the right-wing Gerindra Party of Prabowo Subianto..."
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Prabowo, who previously lost the presidency to Jokowi, belongs to the right-wing Gerindra Party and was a military officer under Suharto."
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Today, another highly spirited right-wing populist political party has emerged. Its name, Gerindra, Gerakan Indonesia Raya, the Greater Indonesia Movement, signifies its fervour for revitalising the greatness of the nation."
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "This is because Mr Prabowo, 71, chairman of right-wing populist Gerindra Party..."
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "...although thus far without producing programmatic platforms beyond the vague right wing populism of the PDI-P (of former president Megawati Soekarnoputri) or of Gerindra (of retired Lieutenant-General Prabowo Subianto)."
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Subianto, a former general of the army and former son-in-law of Suharto, left his Golkar Party to form the Gerindra, a right-wing populist party."
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  22. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок apjjf не указан текст
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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