Английская Википедия:German National Prize for Art and Science

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Breast Star of the German National Order for Art and Science

Through statutes of 30 January 1937,Шаблон:Sfn the German Führer Adolf Hitler instituted the German National Order for Art and Science (Шаблон:Lang-de)Шаблон:Sfn as a replacement for the Nobel Prize (Hitler forbade Germans to accept the latter award after the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize retrospectively in November 1936 to an anti-Nazi German writer, Carl von Ossietzky.) The German National Prize was to be awarded each year to three outstanding German citizens who would each receive 100,000 Reichsmarks which could be equally divided.Шаблон:Sfn Along with the prize money the recipient also received a certificate with the Order.Шаблон:Sfn

The badge of the Order, a round four-pointed platinum star with four gold National Eagles attached, was designed by Berlin sculptor Hermann Müller-Erfurt.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Qn It was to be worn on the left breast. In the centre is a medallion with a red enameled centre with the gold head of Pallas Athene. On an ivory-coloured enameled background in gold letters was the inscription FÜR KUNST UND WISSENSCHAFT (For Art and Science). This was surrounded by diamonds set in a gold border.Шаблон:Sfn

The total number of National Prizes awarded between 1937 and 1939 was nine, making it the rarest award given in Nazi Germany. Due to the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in 1939, no further awards were made.

Awardees

The German National Prize was awarded to nine people.

1937

The award announcement was held on 7 September 1937 and the award ceremony took place on 30 January 1938 by Adolf Hitler in the Reich Chancellery. The first five winners were:

Birth	Death	Laureate		Notes	Posthumous?	Shared monetary award?
1878	1934	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Paul Troost	German architect; designed the Führerbau and Haus der Kunst.	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1893	1946	Шаблон:Sort	Dr Alfred Rosenberg	Reichsleiter; author of The Myth of the Twentieth Century, a key Nazi ideological workШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1861	1949	Шаблон:Sort	Professor August Bier	Surgeon and the first to perform spinal anesthesia and intravenous regional anesthesia. Shared the monetary award with Ferdinand Sauerbruch.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1875	1951	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Ferdinand Sauerbruch	Surgeon and developer of the Sauerbruch chamber, a pressure chamber for operating on the open thorax, and new types of limb prostheses, which for the first time enabled simple movements to be executed with the remaining muscle of the patient. Shared the monetary award with August Bier.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1877	1957	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Wilhelm Filchner	German explorer and discoverer of the Luitpold Coast and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf.	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center

1938

The award announcement was made on 6 September 1938, the presentation by Hitler took place 30 January 1939 in the Chancellery. The winners of this second year were:

Birth	Death	Laureate		Notes	Posthumous?	Shared monetary award?
1891	1942	Шаблон:Sort	Dr Fritz Todt	German engineer, Inspector General of the German Highway System and founder of the Organisation Todt.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1875	1951	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Ferdinand Porsche	German automotive engineer and creator of the Volkswagen.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1888	1958	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Ernst Heinkel	German aircraft designer and producer of the Heinkel He 178, the world's first turbojet aircraft and the Heinkel He 176, the world's first rocket aircraft. Shared the monetary award with Willy Messerschmitt.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center
1898	1978	Шаблон:Sort	Professor Willy Messerschmitt	German aircraft manufacturer and designer of the Messerschmitt Bf 109, the most produced fighter aircraft in history. Shared the monetary award with Ernst Heinkel.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	Шаблон:Center

See also

• Lenin Prize
• Stalin Prize

References

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Jörg Nimmergut: Deutsche Orden und Ehrenzeichen bis 1945. Band 4: Württemberg II – Deutsches Reich. Zentralstelle für Wissenschaftliche Ordenskunde, München 2001, Шаблон:ISBN; pp. 1910–1917.