Английская Википедия:German cruiser Seydlitz

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German cruiser Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Infobox ship image Шаблон:Infobox ship career Шаблон:Infobox ship characteristics Шаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Шаблон:Lang was a heavy cruiser of Nazi Germany's Шаблон:Lang, fourth in the Шаблон:Sclass, but was never completed. The ship was laid down in December 1936 and launched in January 1939, but the outbreak of World War II slowed her construction and fitting-out work was finally stopped in the summer of 1940 when she was approximately 95 percent complete. The unfinished ship remained pier-side in the shipyard until March 1942, when the Шаблон:Lang decided to pursue aircraft carriers over surface combatants. Шаблон:Lang was among the vessels chosen for conversion into auxiliary aircraft carriers.

Renamed Шаблон:Lang, the ship was to have had a complement of ten Bf 109 fighters and ten Ju 87 divebombers. Work lasted from 1942 to 1943, but was not completed, and the incomplete vessel was towed to Königsberg in early 1944. She was eventually scuttled there in 1945 as the Soviet Red Army approached the city. The wreck was seized by the Soviets and was briefly considered for cannibalization for spare parts to complete her sistership Шаблон:Ship for the Soviet Navy. This plan was also abandoned, and the ship was broken up for scrap.

Design

Файл:Admiral Hipper ONI.jpg

Recognition drawing of an Шаблон:Lang-class cruiser

The Шаблон:Sclass of heavy cruisers was ordered in the context of German naval rearmament after the Nazi Party came to power in 1933 and repudiated the disarmament clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. In 1935, Germany signed the Anglo–German Naval Agreement with Great Britain, which provided a legal basis for German naval rearmament; the treaty specified that Germany would be able to build five Шаблон:Convert "treaty cruisers".Шаблон:Sfn The Шаблон:Langs were nominally within the 10,000-ton limit, though they significantly exceeded the figure.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Lang was Шаблон:Convert long overall and had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draft of Шаблон:Convert. The ship had a design displacement of Шаблон:Convert and a full load displacement of Шаблон:Convert. Шаблон:Lang was powered by three sets of geared steam turbines, which were supplied with steam by twelve ultra-high pressure oil-fired boilers. The ship's top speed was Шаблон:Convert, at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn As designed, her standard complement consisted of 42 officers and 1,340 enlisted men.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:LangШаблон:'s primary armament was eight [[20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK L/60]] guns mounted in four twin gun turrets, placed in superfiring pairs forward and aft.Шаблон:Efn Her anti-aircraft battery consisted of twelve Шаблон:Convert L/65 guns, twelve Шаблон:Convert guns, and eight Шаблон:Convert guns. The ship also carried a pair of triple Шаблон:Convert torpedo launchers abreast of the rear superstructure. The ship was equipped with three Arado Ar 196 seaplanes and one catapult.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:LangШаблон:'s armored belt was Шаблон:Convert thick; her upper deck was Шаблон:Convert thick while the main armored deck was Шаблон:Convert thick. The main battery turrets had Шаблон:Convert thick faces and 70 mm thick sides.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and conversion

Шаблон:Lang was ordered by the Шаблон:Lang from the Шаблон:Lang shipyard in Bremen.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Lang was originally designed as a light cruiser version of the Шаблон:Lang-class heavy cruisers, armed with twelve Шаблон:Convert guns instead of the Шаблон:LangШаблон:'s eight 20.3 cm guns. The Шаблон:Lang decided, however, to complete the ship identically to Шаблон:Lang on 14 November 1936.Шаблон:Sfn Her keel was laid on 29 December 1936,Шаблон:Sfn under construction number 940.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was launched on 19 January 1939,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and at the launching ceremony, Admiral Richard Foerster, who had been the gunnery officer of the namesake ship, gave a speech, and the widow of that ship's commander during World War I christened the vessel.Шаблон:Sfn At that time, her hull had been completed with a straight stem. After the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, work slowed considerably as priorities shifted to vessels that could be completed faster, like destroyers, U-boats, and smaller craft. Nevertheless, work on the ship proceeded at a slow pace, and during this period her bow was altered to the standard "Atlantic bow" that had been installed on her sister ships.Шаблон:Sfn By the time work stopped completely in June 1942, the ship was approximately 95 percent complete; only her anti-aircraft armament, masts, cranes, and her aircraft catapult remained to be installed.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the loss of the battleship Шаблон:Ship in May 1941, during which British aircraft carriers proved instrumental, and the near torpedoing of her sistership Шаблон:Ship in March 1942, the Kriegsmarine became convinced of the necessity of acquiring aircraft carriers.Шаблон:Sfn Work on the purpose-built carrier Шаблон:Ship, which had been halted in April 1940, was resumed in March 1942.Шаблон:Sfn The Kriegsmarine also decided to convert a number of vessels into auxiliary aircraft carriers. Шаблон:Lang was among the ships selected for conversion, along with several passenger liners.Шаблон:Sfn These included Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:SS, and Шаблон:SS. The unfinished French cruiser Шаблон:Ship was also to be converted. As the design staff examined the existing ships, they determined that Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang were too slow, and Шаблон:Lang would only be suitable as a training carrier, so only Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang would be completed as front-line carriers. The navy envisioned operating the carriers from northern Norway to interdict the supply convoys to the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn

At the same time as construction of Шаблон:Lang resumed, conversion work began on Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn The majority of the superstructure was cut away, with the exception of the funnel, to prepare for the installation of a flight deck and an aircraft hangar.Шаблон:Sfn In total, approximately Шаблон:Convert of material from the ship was removed.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was renamed Шаблон:Lang, but work was ceased in June 1943, before the conversion was completed.Шаблон:Sfn By that time, her superstructure had been entirely razed to the upper deck, apart from her funnel.Шаблон:Sfn

As British and American air raids increased in intensity through 1943, the Germans decided to move the ship to Königsberg in an attempt to place her out of the reach of Allied bombers. She could not be moved until March 1944, however, when she was towed to Kiel. She was then towed from Kiel to Königsberg between 30 March and 2 April. She remained there for the rest of the war, and likely little work was done; in December, she was classified as a hulk.Шаблон:Sfn On 29 January 1945, the ship was scuttled before the advancing Soviet Red Army could seize her. The Soviet Navy nevertheless considered using the wreck for parts to complete the cruiser Шаблон:Ship, a sister-ship of Шаблон:Lang the Soviets had purchased unfinished before the outbreak of war. This was not carried out, however,Шаблон:Sfn and the ship was eventually raised before being broken up beginning in 1958.Шаблон:Sfn

Specifications

Файл:Messerschmitt Bf 109 T-1 3-seiten neu.jpg

A Bf 109T-1, the type the carriers would have carried

The conversion work would have slightly increased the ship's length to Шаблон:Cvt long overall, but decreased her draft to Шаблон:Cvt at full load. Her propulsion system, which had already been installed, would remain the same, as would her expected performance. A large island was to be installed on the starboard side, with a tall, tubular mast on the forward end of the island.Шаблон:Sfn

The flight deck was to have been Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. The hangar was Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide forward and Шаблон:Convert wide amidships and aft.Шаблон:Sfn Two elevators would have been installed to transfer aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:LangШаблон:'s air complement was to have consisted of ten Bf 109 fighters and ten Ju 87 Stuka divebombers.Шаблон:Sfn The Bf 109 fighters were a navalized version of the "E" model, designated as Bf 109T. Their wings were longer than the land-based model to allow for shorter take-off.Шаблон:Sfn The Ju 87 type selected was to have been the "E" variant, which was a navalized version of the Ju 87D, and were modified for catapult launches and were equipped with arresting gear.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament

Her armament was reduced to a medium-caliber anti-aircraft battery of ten 10.5 cm L/65 guns in twin mounts, two forward of the conning tower and three aft.Шаблон:Sfn All of these would have been in line with the island, in a superfiring arrangement.Шаблон:Sfn The LC/31 mounting was triaxially stabilized and capable of elevating to 80°. This enabled the guns to engage targets up to a ceiling of Шаблон:Convert. Against surface targets, the guns had a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert. The guns fired fixed ammunition weighing Шаблон:Convert; the guns could fire HE and HE incendiary rounds, as well as illumination shells.Шаблон:Sfn

These would have been supported by a battery of light anti-aircraft guns consisting of ten 3.7 cm guns in dual mounts and twenty-four 2 cm guns in quadruple mounts.Шаблон:Sfn These were distributed along the sides of the ship, generally on platforms that overhung the sides of the ship. Four of the 3.7 cm mounts were on the sides of the ship and the fifth mount was on the extreme bow. Two of the 2 cm mounts were to be placed on the island, with the remainder in the side platforms.Шаблон:Sfn The mounts were the Dopp LC/31 type, originally designed for earlier [[8.8 cm SK C/31 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/31 guns]]. The 3.7 cm gun was a single-shot gun, with a rate of fire of around 30 rounds per minute. At its maximum elevation of 85°, the gun had a ceiling of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The 2 cm gun was a magazine-fed automatic weapon, firing at up to 500 rounds per minute. Twenty and forty-round magazines were supplied for the guns;Шаблон:Sfn

References

• Шаблон:Cite book
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• Шаблон:Cite journal
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• Шаблон:Cite book