Английская Википедия:German submarine U-103 (1940)

German submarine U-103 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was one of the most successful boats in the entire war, sinking Шаблон:GRT of Allied shipping in 11 patrols, in a career lasting more than four years.

U-103 was laid down on 6 September 1939 at DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 966. She was launched on 12 April 1940 and commissioned on 5 July under the command of Korvettenkapitän Victor Schütze. After her warm-up, (designed to give her an opportunity to train and repair minor faults), she was deployed into the North Atlantic in September 1940 and saw overwhelming success, sinking 46 ships and damaging three other vessels.

Design

German Type IXB submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. U-103 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-103 was fitted with six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Convert SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

First patrol

The boat entered the Atlantic via the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands. Her first victory was sinking Nina Borthen in mid-ocean on 6 October. After being hit by a torpedo, the ship developed a list, which the crew corrected. Two more torpedoes hit the ship, which also caused a list. Another torpedo hit broke the vessel in two and she sank with all hands.

On 9 October, U-103 sank Zanes Gounaris and damaged Graigwen and Delphin. Delphin sank the next day. She sank Nora on 13 October and Thistlegarth, Шаблон:Convert west northwest of Rockall, on 15 October.

U-103 docked at her new base, Lorient on the French Atlantic coast, on 19 October.

Second patrol

U-103Шаблон:'s second patrol began with her being unsuccessfully attacked by the Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMS northwest of Ireland on 11 November 1940.

She then sank Daydawn and Victoria on 21 November, Glenmoor on the 27th, and Mount Athos and Шаблон:SS on the 28th. The attacks continued with Шаблон:SS on 8 December and Empire Jaguar the next day.

The submarine returned to Lorient on 12 December.

Third patrol

On 13 February 1941 Arthur F. Corwin was damaged by U-103, and sunk by Шаблон:GS later that day. On 19 February U-103 sank the Norwegian motor ship Benjamin Franklin. The Flower-class corvette HMS Pimpernel rescued seven survivors, and landed them at Liverpool. The Egyptian steamship Memphis rescued 29 of her crew, but on 28 February Memphis suffered engine failure and sank with all hands.

Fourth patrol

U-103Шаблон:'s fourth patrol was off the coast of West Africa. At 103 days, it was her longest patrol. She sank Polyana Шаблон:Convert southwest of the Cape Verde Islands on 24 April 1941. The ship sank with all hands in one minute.

U-103 sank Samsø, Wray Castle, Surat and Dunkwa in the first week of May. When Dunkwa sank, U-103Шаблон:'s crew saw that there were 39 survivors in one lifeboat. The U-boat crew righted another boat and provided drinking water.

On 25 May, she sank the cargo ship Radames off the coast of Liberia. The sinking of the Radames was filmed, and is often shown on documentaries about the Battle of the Atlantic.

U-103 sank another seven ships off the African coast before returning to Lorient on 12 July.

Fifth patrol

U-103Шаблон:'s fifth patrol was in the North Atlantic. It sank Niceto de Larrinaga, Edward Blyden and Lapwing west of the Canary Islands on 22 September 1941.

Sixth patrol

The U-boat's sixth patrol was part of Operation Drumbeat, off the Atlantic coast of the USA. She sank W. L. Stead about Шаблон:Convert off the Delaware River on 2 February 1942. The torpedo hit set the ship on fire but wave action soon extinguished it. Using her deck gun, U-103 fired 83 rounds, scoring 17 hits and reigniting the fire. She fired a further two torpedoes. The second missed, but the third detonated the tanker's cargo, sending flames Шаблон:Convert into the air.

U-103 also sank San Gil on 4 February, and both India Arrow and Шаблон:SS the next day.

Seventh patrol

U-103 began her seventh patrol by leaving Lorient on 15 April 1942. She sank Stanbank northeast of Bermuda on 5 May. She continued to the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, where she sank another eight merchant ships that month. U-103 returned to Lorient on 22 June.

Eighth patrol

U-103 sank Tasmania north of Madeira on 31 October 1942, and Шаблон:MV in mid-Atlantic northwest of the Azores on 6 December. She captured Henry StanleyШаблон:'s Master. He was eventually sent to the Milag Nord internment camp for merchant seamen.

U-103 also damaged Horata north of the Azores on 13 December.

Ninth and tenth patrols

On her ninth patrol U-103 sank no ships. She searched the Atlantic off Spain as far west as the Azores and as far south as Morocco, but found no convoys. Having left Lorient on 7 February 1943, she returned there on 26 March.

On U-103Шаблон:'S tenth patrol, on 27 April a Vickers Wellington of No. 172 Squadron RAF equipped with a Leigh Light attacked her. The aircraft found the U-boat with its radar, and dropped six depth charges, but caused no damage. A Whitley bomber of No. 10 OTU (Operational Training Unit) attacked U-103 on 22 May. U-103 returned fire, preventing the aircraft from dropping its depth charges. Plane and submarine both returned safely to their bases.

11th patrol

U-103Шаблон:'s last operational patrol was officially divided into two parts; the first of which saw her arrive in Brest in France only two days after her departure from Lorient. She then returned to the west African coast but without repeating her earlier success. She sailed to Norway via a reverse in the course of her first patrol and arrived at Bergen on 1 January 1944.

Fate

U-103 left Bergen on 3 January 1944 and reached Kiel on the 7th. In March she was taken out of service and used as a Schulboot (training boat). She went from Gotenhafen to Hamburg in January 1945, and in April from Hamburg back to Kiel. On 3 May 1945 she was scuttled at Kiel.

Wolfpacks

U-103 took part in nine wolfpacks, namely:

Störtebecker (5 – 7 November 1941)
Streitaxt (29 October – 2 November 1942)
Schlagetot (9 – 21 November 1942)
Westwall (21 November – 16 December 1942)
Robbe (16 February – 12 March 1943)
Wohlgemut (12 – 19 March 1943)
Amsel 4 (4 – 6 May 1943)
Rhein (7 – 10 May 1943)
Elbe 2 (10 – 14 May 1943)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[1]
6 October 1940	Nina Borthen	Шаблон:Flag	6,123	Sunk
9 October 1940	Delphin	Шаблон:Flag	3,816	Sunk
9 October 1940	Graigwen	Шаблон:Flag	3,697	Damaged
9 October 1940	Zannes Gounaris	Шаблон:Flag	4,407	Sunk
13 October 1940	Nora	Шаблон:Flag	1,186	Sunk
15 October 1940	Thislegarth	Шаблон:Flag	4,747	Sunk
21 November 1940	Daydawn	Шаблон:Flag	4,768	Sunk
21 November 1940	Victoria	Шаблон:Flag	6,085	Sunk
27 November 1940	Glenmoor	Шаблон:Flag	4,393	Sunk
28 November 1940	Mount Athos	Шаблон:Flag	3,578	Sunk
28 November 1940	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	4,940	Sunk
8 December 1940	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	9,515	Sunk
9 December 1940	Empire Jaguar	Шаблон:Flag	5,186	Sunk
13 February 1941	Arthur F. Corwin	Шаблон:Flag	10,516	Damaged
17 February 1941	Edwy R. Brown	Шаблон:Flag	10,455	Sunk
18 February 1941	Шаблон:MV	Шаблон:Flag	5,459	Sunk
19 February 1941	Benjamin Franklin	Шаблон:Flag	7,034	Sunk
25 April 1941	Polyana	Шаблон:Flag	2,267	Sunk
1 May 1941	Samsø	Шаблон:Flag	1,494	Sunk
3 May 1941	Wray Castle	Шаблон:Flag	4,253	Sunk
6 May 1941	Dunkwa	Шаблон:Flag	4,752	Sunk
6 May 1941	Surat	Шаблон:Flag	5,529	Sunk
9 May 1941	City of Winchester	Шаблон:Flag	7,120	Sunk
11 May 1941	City of Shanghai	Шаблон:Flag	5,828	Sunk
22 May 1941	British Grenadier	Шаблон:Flag	6,857	Sunk
24 May 1941	Marionga	Шаблон:Flag	4,236	Sunk
25 May 1941	Radames	Шаблон:Flag	3,575	Sunk
25 May 1941	Wangi Wangi	Шаблон:Flag	7,789	Sunk
8 June 1941	Elmdene	Шаблон:Flag	4,853	Sunk
29 June 1941	Erani	Шаблон:Flag	6,619	Sunk
22 September 1941	Edward Blyden	Шаблон:Flag	5,003	Sunk
22 September 1941	Niceto de Larringa	Шаблон:Flag	5,591	Sunk
26 September 1941	Lapwing	Шаблон:Flag	1,348	Sunk
2 February 1942	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	6,182	Sunk
4 February 1942	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	8,327	Sunk
4 February 1942	San Gil	Шаблон:Flag	3,627	Sunk
5 February 1942	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	8,403	Sunk
5 February 1942	Stanbank	Шаблон:Flag	5,966	Sunk
17 May 1942	Ruth Lykes	Шаблон:Flag	2,612	Sunk
19 May 1942	Ogontz	Шаблон:Flag	5,037	Sunk
21 May 1942	Clare	Шаблон:Flag	3,372	Sunk
21 May 1942	Elizabeth	Шаблон:Flag	4,727	Sunk
23 May 1942	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	6,625	Sunk
24 May 1942	Hector	Шаблон:Flag	1,828	Sunk
26 May 1942	Alcoa Carrier	Шаблон:Flag	5,588	Sunk
28 May 1942	New Jersey	Шаблон:Flag	6,414	Sunk
31 October 1942	Tasmania	Шаблон:Flag	6,405	Sunk
6 December 1942	Шаблон:MV	Шаблон:Flag	5,025	Sunk
13 December 1942	Horata	Шаблон:Flag	13,945	Damaged

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:German Type IXB submarines Шаблон:April 1945 shipwrecks

Шаблон:Coord

Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Note"/>

↑ Шаблон:Cite web

[2] Шаблон:Cite web

[Note 1]

[1]

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты	Обмен криптовалют - www.bestchange.ru Криптовалютная биржа CoinEx Криптовалютная биржа Binance HIVE OS - операционная система для майнинга e4pool - Мультивалютный пул для майнинга.
Магазины	AliExpress — глобальная виртуальная (в Интернете) торговая площадка, предоставляющая возможность покупать товары производителей из КНР; computeruniverse.net - Интернет-магазин компьютеров(Промо код 5 Евро на первую покупку:FWWC3ZKQ);
Хостинг	DigitalOcean - американский провайдер облачных инфраструктур, с главным офисом в Нью-Йорке и с центрами обработки данных по всему миру;
Разное	Викиум - Онлайн-тренажер для мозга Like Центр - Центр поддержки и развития предпринимательства. Gamersbay - лучший магазин по бустингу для World of Warcraft. Ноотропы OmniMind N°1 - Усиливает мозговую активность. Повышает мотивацию. Улучшает память. Санкт-Петербургская школа телевидения - это федеральная сеть образовательных центров, которая имеет филиалы в 37 городах России. Lingualeo.com — интерактивный онлайн-сервис для изучения и практики английского языка в увлекательной игровой форме. Junyschool (Джунискул) – международная школа программирования и дизайна для детей и подростков от 5 до 17 лет, где ученики осваивают компьютерную грамотность, развивают алгоритмическое и креативное мышление, изучают основы программирования и компьютерной графики, создают собственные проекты: игры, сайты, программы, приложения, анимации, 3D-модели, монтируют видео. Умназия - Интерактивные онлайн-курсы и тренажеры для развития мышления детей 6-13 лет SkillBox - это один из лидеров российского рынка онлайн-образования. Среди партнеров Skillbox ведущий разработчик сервисного дизайна AIC, медиа-компания Yoola, первое и самое крупное русскоязычное аналитическое агентство Tagline, онлайн-школа дизайна и иллюстрации Bang! Bang! Education, оператор PR-рынка PACO, студия рисования Draw&Go, агентство performance-маркетинга Ingate, scrum-студия Sibirix, имидж-лаборатория Персона. «Нетология» — это университет по подготовке и дополнительному обучению специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга, управления проектами и продуктами, дизайна, Data Science и разработки. В рамках Нетологии студенты получают ценные теоретические знания от лучших экспертов Рунета, выполняют практические задания на отработку полученных навыков, общаются с экспертами и единомышленниками. Познакомиться со всеми продуктами подробнее можно на сайте https://netology.ru, линейка курсов и профессий постоянно обновляется. StudyBay Brazil – это онлайн биржа для португалоговорящих студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт. Автор24 — самая большая в России площадка по написанию учебных работ: контрольные и курсовые работы, дипломы, рефераты, решение задач, отчеты по практике, а так же любой другой вид работы. Сервис сотрудничает с более 70 000 авторов. Более 1 000 000 работ уже выполнено. StudyBay – это онлайн биржа для англоязычных студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт.