Английская Википедия:German submarine U-106 (1940)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-106 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was laid down on 26 November 1939 at DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 969, launched on 17 June 1940 and commissioned on 24 September. She was armed with six torpedo tubes and a 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun. U-106 was assigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 24 September 1940, in which she would serve for nearly three years.

U-106 was one of the most successful German submarines of World War II. She completed 10 wartime patrols and sank 22 ships totalling Шаблон:GRT. She also damaged two ships totalling Шаблон:GRT, one auxiliary warship of Шаблон:GRT and the battleship Шаблон:HMS. U-106 helped to catalyze Mexico's entry into World War II on the side of the Allies by sinking one of two oil tankers; the Шаблон:SS. (The other was the Шаблон:SS, sunk by Шаблон:GS).

Design

German Type IXB submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. U-106 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-106 was fitted with six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Convert SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

1st patrol

U-106 departed Kiel for her first patrol on 4 January 1941 which was to be conducted in the Atlantic Ocean. Her route included negotiating the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands. She sailed north-west of Rockall and sank two ships: Zealandic on the 17th and Sesostris on the 29th. There were no survivors from either vessel.

The boat docked in Lorient in occupied France on 10 February.

2nd patrol

For her second patrol, U-106 departed Lorient on 26 February 1941. She would not return to France until 17 June 112 days later. The boat headed for the coast of west Africa. Her first victim on this patrol was Memnon, which went to the bottom Шаблон:Convert west of Cape Blanco, French West Africa on 11 March. She sank seven more ships and damaged two others, including the battleship Шаблон:HMS in the vicinity of Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands. One of the seven, Eastlea, had her back broken and sank within ten minutes.

3rd patrol

Sortie number three and the U-boat failed to find any targets. She had left Lorient on 11 August 1941 and returned there a month later (on 11 September), having covered the ocean west of Ireland, also west of the Azores and from north of that island chain to the Portuguese mainland.

On 2 Sept., the submarine met the German freighter Anneliese Essberger at 37 degrees 55 minutes N and 37 degrees 24 minutes W. She then escorted the freighter until 8 Sept., when they reached western cape of the Spanish north coast. The freighter then continued onwards to Bordeaux.Шаблон:Rp

4th patrol

Any success on the boat's fourth sally was marred on 23 October 1941 by the discovery that an entire watch, (four men), had been washed overboard in heavy seas on the western edge of the Bay of Biscay. U-106 sank one ship, King Malcolm on the 28th and damaged one other, Шаблон:USS, on the 30th. She was then hunted for nine hours and seriously damaged by the escort vessels of convoy ON-28.

5th patrol

For her fifth patrol, U-106 sailed along the eastern coast of the United States and sank five ships, during the so-called "Second Happy Time". Amongst them were the Шаблон:SS and the tanker Шаблон:SS, the latter ship being dispatched with her 10.5 cm deck gun. She had left Lorient on 3 January 1942 and returned on 22 February.

6th patrol

Patrol number six also benefitted from a change of operational area to the Gulf of Mexico, where the boat sank five more ships and damaged a sixth. One of them, the tanker Faja de Oro, on 21 May 1942, was the second ship to be sunk which helped to facilitate Mexico's declaration of war on Germany on 1 June.

7th and 8th patrols

U-106 was attacked by a Vickers Wellington of No. 311 Squadron RAF in the Bay of Biscay on 27 July 1942. The first watch officer (1WO) was killed; the commander was wounded, forcing the boat to put about, returning to Lorient on the 29th, just five days after setting out.

The submarine crossed the Atlantic once more, sinking Waterton in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on 11 October 1942.

9th patrol

This foray was comparatively uneventful, starting on 17 February 1943 and finishing on 4 April. No ships were attacked.

10th patrol

The U-boat's 10th and final patrol began on 28 July 1943; she was sunk on 2 August of that year off northern Spain, after being damaged by a Wellington of No. 407 Squadron RCAF.

Fate

Файл:Royal Air Force Coastal Command, 1939-1945. C3880.jpg

U-106 under attack

While trying to join a fleet of E-boats (German surface torpedo boats), U-106 was spotted by a Sunderland flying boat of 228 Squadron flown by Flying Officer Reader Hanbury. Although the anti-aircraft guns on U-106 fended off the British flying boat that sighted it, U-106 was hit by a Sunderland from No. 461 Squadron RAAF flown by Flight Lieutenant A. F. Clarke.Шаблон:Sfn

According to the Allied crews and photographs taken of the attack, the U-boat partially exploded before sinking vertically. Of U-106Шаблон:'s 48-man crew, 22 were killed. The 26 who survived the attack were later picked up by German E-boats.Шаблон:Citation needed

Wolfpacks

U-106 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:

• Raubritter (1 – 15 November 1941)
• Westwall (1 – 16 December 1942)
• Unverzagt (12 – 22 March 1943)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage	Convoy	Fate	Location	Deaths
17 January 1941	Zealandic	Шаблон:Flag	10,578		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	73
29 January 1941	Sesostris	Шаблон:Flag	2,962	SC-19	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	Unknown
11 March 1941	Memnon	Шаблон:Flag	7,506		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	5
16 March 1941	Almkerk	Шаблон:Flag	6,810		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	0
17 March 1941	Andalusian	Шаблон:Flag	3,082	SL-68	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	0
17 March 1941	Tapanoeli	Шаблон:Flag	7,034	SL-68	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	0
20 March 1941	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	31,100	SL-68	Damaged	Шаблон:Coord	Unknown
20 March 1941	Meekerk	Шаблон:Flag	7,995	SL-68	Damaged	Шаблон:Coord	Unknown
24 March 1941	Eastlea	Шаблон:Flag	4,267		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	37
30 May 1941	Silveryew	Шаблон:Flag	6,373		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	1
31 May 1941	Clan Macdougall	Шаблон:Flag	6,843		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	2
6 June 1941	Sacramento Valley	Шаблон:Flag	4,573	OB-324	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	3
28 October 1941	King Malcolm	Шаблон:Flag	5,120	SC-50	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	38
30 October 1941	Шаблон:USS	Шаблон:Navy	8,246	ON-28	Damaged	Шаблон:Coord	Unknown
24 January 1942	Empire Wildebeeste	Шаблон:Flag	5,631	ON-53	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	9
26 January 1942	Traveller	Шаблон:Flag	3,963		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	52
30 January 1942	Rochester	Шаблон:Flag	6,836		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	4
3 February1942	Amerikaland	Шаблон:Flag	15,355		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	5
6 February 1942	Opawa	Шаблон:Flag	10,354		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	56
5 May 1942	Lady Drake	Шаблон:Flag	7,985		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	12
21 May 1942	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flag	6,067		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	10
26 May 1942	Carrabulle	Шаблон:Flag	5,030		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	22
27 May 1942	Atenas	Шаблон:Flag	4,639		Damaged	Шаблон:Coord	0
28 May 1942	Mentor	Шаблон:Flag	7,383		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	4
1 June 1942	Hampton Roads	Шаблон:Flag	2,689		Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	5
11 October 1942	Waterton	Шаблон:Flag	2,140	BS-31	Sunk	Шаблон:Coord	0

Bibliography

• Bishop, C. Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939–45. Amber Books, 2006.
• Bowyer, Chaz. Coastal Command at War. Ian Allan. 1979, Шаблон:ISBN
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Evans, J. The Sunderland: Flying Boat Queen Paterchurch Publications, 2004 Шаблон:ISBN
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web