Английская Википедия:German submarine U-176

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German submarine U-176 was a Type IXC U-boat in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Built at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser shipyard in Bremen, she was laid down on 6 February 1941, launched on 12 September and commissioned on 15 December, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Reiner Dierksen.

U-176 served with the 4. Unterseebootsflotille (U-boat flotilla) while training, and from 1 August 1942 with the 10th U-boat Flotilla, a long-range operations unit. U-176 completed three patrols, sinking 11 ships totalling Шаблон:GRT before she was sunk off Cayo Blanquizal by the Cuban Navy on 15 May 1943.

Design

German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-176 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-176 was fitted with six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Convert SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

First patrol

On 21 July 1942 U-176 sailed from Kiel, around the British Isles, and into the north Atlantic Ocean. She made her first kill on 4 August, sinking the unescorted 7,798 GRT British merchantman Richmond Castle with two torpedoes.[1]

On 7 August she joined five other U-boats in reinforcing the eight boats of wolfpack Steinbrinck in a series of attacks on Convoy SC 94.[2] On 8 August U-176 fired two salvoes of two torpedoes each at the convoy, sinking two British cargo ships, the 4,817 GRT Trehata and the 3,956 GRT Kelso, and the 7,914 GRT Greek cargo ship Mount Kassion. The next day she also sank another British ship, the 3,701 GRT Radchurch, which had been abandoned.[2] The convoy escort was then reinforced by the Polish destroyer Шаблон:Ship and the British destroyer leader Шаблон:HMS. Both ships were equipped with HF/DF (radio direction-finding equipment), which helped to keep the U-boats at bay until morning.[2]

U-176 sank the 7,457 GRT British cargo ship Шаблон:SS with two torpedoes on 25 August. The ship had been part of convoy ON 122;[3] the U-boat ended the patrol after 74 days at sea at Lorient in France on 2 October 1942.[4] The day after her return her captain was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class.[5]

Second patrol

U-176 departed Lorient on 9 November 1942 and headed into the south Atlantic. On 27 November she sank the 5,922 GRT Dutch merchant ship Polydorus after a 50-hour pursuit, the longest recorded by any U-boat in the Second World War.[6]

Off Cape São Roque, Brazil, on 13 December 1942 the crew of U-176 boarded the 1,629 GRT Swedish cargo ship Scania, and sank her with scuttling charges after the crew had abandoned ship.[7] On 16 December she sank the unescorted 5,881 GRT British cargo ship Observer with two torpedoes.[8]

Prior to the sinking of Scania, a young seaman, Gottfrid Sundberg, surreptitiously photographed U-176 from Scania.[9][10][11]

U-176 arrived back at Lorient on 18 February 1943 after a patrol lasting 102 days.[12]

Third patrol

U-176 sailed for her third and final patrol on 6 April 1943 from Lorient, sailing across the Atlantic and into the Caribbean Sea. On 1 May, her commander was notified of his promotion to Korvettenkapitän.[5]

On 13 May 1943, U-176 attacked Convoy NC 18 only five miles off the northern coast of Cuba, sinking the 2,249 GRT American tanker Nickeliner, which was loaded with 3,400 tons of ammonia water,[13] and the 1,983 GRT Cuban molasses tanker Mambí.[14]

Sinking

Файл:US Navy report of the attack on U-176.JPG
US Navy report of the attack on U-176

On 15 May, the Cuban merchant ship Camagüey, and the Honduran Hanks, both loaded with sugar, sailed from Sagua La Grande, bound for Havana, escorted by the Cuban submarine chasers CS-11, CS-12, and CS-13. At 17:15 hours, a U.S. Navy Kingfisher aircraft from squadron VS-62 operating from Cuba spotted U-176 at Шаблон:Coord and dropped a smoke float to mark her position about one and a half miles astern of the convoy. CS-13 located the U-boat with her sonar, attacked with depth charges and sank U-176.[15]

On 7 January 1944 K.Kapt.. Reiner Dierksen was posthumously awarded the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold.[5]

CS-13 was commanded by the Cuban Navy's Alférez de Fragata, Mario Ramirez Delgado commanding,[16] the only Cuban national to sink a U-boat during World War II.[17] In 1946, Delgado, promoted to Lieutenant, was awarded the Orden del Mérito Naval con Distantivo Rojo (Meritorious Naval Service Order with Red Badge). Rear Admiral Samuel E. Morison, official historian of the US Navy, recognized his success in his work History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, where he also praised the ability and efficiency of the Cuban seamen.[18]

Шаблон:Cquote

Also present was Norberto Collado Abreu, who later found fame as the pilot of Granma, the yacht which brought Fidel Castro back to Cuba to restart the Cuban Revolution.

Wolfpacks

U-176 took part in two wolfpacks, namely:

Summary of raiding history

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage
(GRT)		 Fate[19]
4 August 1942 Richmond Castle Шаблон:Flag 7,798 Sunk
8 August 1942 Kelso Шаблон:Flag 3,956 Sunk
8 August 1942 Mount Kassion Шаблон:Flag 7,914 Sunk
8 August 1942 Trehata Шаблон:Flag 4,817 Sunk
9 August 1942 Radchurch Шаблон:Flag 3,701 Sunk
25 August 1942 Empire Breeze Шаблон:Flag 7,457 Sunk
27 November 1942 Polydorus Шаблон:Flag 5,922 Sunk
13 December 1942 Scania Шаблон:Flag 1,629 Sunk
16 December 1942 Observer Шаблон:Flag 5,881 Sunk
13 May 1943 Mambí Шаблон:Flag 1,983 Sunk
13 May 1943 Nickeliner Шаблон:Flag 2,249 Sunk

References

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Bibliography

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External links

Шаблон:German Type IXC submarines Шаблон:May 1943 shipwrecks

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Gottfrid Sundbergs upplevelser under andra världskriget, Alandska sjoman under andra varldskriget, Mariehamn 1999, p. 100-102. Шаблон:ISBN
  10. ↑ Lindstrom, B., Nar m/s Scania sanktes av U-176, Rospiggen 2009, Bromma 2008, p. 67-86. ISSN 0349-0157
  11. ↑ Lindstrom, B., Nar m/s Scania sanktes av U-176, fotografen bakom bilderna av u-baten trader fram, Rospiggen 2010, Bromma 2009, p. 104-113. ISSN 0349-0157
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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