Английская Википедия:German submarine U-177

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-177 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 November 1940, at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, as yard number 1017. She was launched on 1 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 March 1942, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulze. After a period of training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the boat was transferred to the 10th flotilla on 1 October 1942, and based at Lorient, for front-line service, she was then reassigned to the 12th flotilla at Bordeaux on 1 December.

She sank 14 ships of Шаблон:GRT and damaged one other of Шаблон:GRT, but was herself sunk on 6 February 1944, in the Atlantic west of Ascension Island by a US Navy aircraft.

Design

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-177 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-177 was fitted with six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/32 naval gun]], 150 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Convert SK C/30]] with 2575 rounds as well as two [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.Шаблон:Sfn

Operational history

First patrol

Under the command of Kptlt. Robert Gysae, U-177 left Kiel on 17 September 1942, and sailed north around the British Isles. On 23 September, the U-boat was bombed by a twin-engine aircraft southeast of Iceland, but crash-dived and sustained no damage. She then headed south to the waters off South Africa and Mozambique. There she sank eight ships totaling Шаблон:GRT and damaged another of Шаблон:GRT:

She had her first success on 2 November, sinking the unescorted Шаблон:GRT Greek merchant steamer Aegeus off Cape Columbine. There were no survivors.

On 9 November, the U-boat attacked and damaged the unescorted Шаблон:GRT British oil tanker Cerion south of Port Elizabeth with her 37 mm and 20 mm AA guns, after her deck gun malfunctioned, and several attacks with torpedoes failed.

The Шаблон:GRT British tanker Scottish Chief was the next victim on 19 November; she was loaded with Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil, and was torpedoed by U-177 about Шаблон:Convert east southeast of Durban. The ship exploded and sank in flames, with only 12 of the crew of 48 surviving.

The unescorted Шаблон:GRT Liberty ship Шаблон:SS was hit by two torpedoes from U-177 on 20 November. The ship's armed guards opened fire with her Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert guns, while the engines were secured; subsequently the eight officers, 33 crewmen and 21 armed guards abandoned ship in four lifeboats. Within half an hour the ship sank.

U-177 next sank the unescorted Шаблон:GRT British troop transport Шаблон:RMS southeast of Lourenço Marques on 28 November. The ship was carrying mail, passengers and 780 Italian prisoners of war and civilian internees from Port Tewfik, Massawa and Aden to Durban. Hit by three torpedoes, she sank within ten minutes. The U-boat picked up two survivors to identify the ship, who turned out to be Italian merchant sailors. Mindful of the Laconia Order issued two months previously, Gysae radioed the BdU (U-boat headquarters) and was ordered to continue his patrol while they notified the Portuguese authorities, who sent the frigate Шаблон:Ship to help. The frigate rescued only 194 survivors. From the 1,052 aboard, 858 were lost, including 650 Italians.

On 30 November, she sank the unescorted Шаблон:GRT British troop transport Llandaff Castle with two torpedoes southeast of Lourenço Marques. The former Union-Castle Line passenger ship had 150 passengers on board, including six Soviet diplomats with their wives and children and 70 military officers with their families. Three crew members were lost. The survivors were later rescued by Шаблон:HMS.

U-177 torpedoed the unescorted Шаблон:GRT Greek merchant ship Saronikos off Mozambique, on 7 December, which broke in half and sank within two minutes. The Germans questioned the only two survivors from the crew of 38, and provided them with bandages and provisions.

The boat torpedoed the unescorted Шаблон:GRT British merchant ship Empire Gull on 12 December, in the Mozambique Channel, allowing the crew to abandon ship before opening fire with her deck gun, firing 70 incendiary and 100 high-explosive rounds, and scoring about 140 hits, which finally caused the ship to sink. Two crew members were lost in the attack, the master and 43 crewmen were later rescued up by Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS.

On 14 December, the U-boat sank the Шаблон:GRT Dutch merchant ship Sawahloento with her last torpedo, her destruction took seven minutes. The crew of 72 men abandoned ship in four lifeboats, three of which capsized when the boiler exploded, drowning most of the occupants. The 19 survivors in the last lifeboat were questioned, and then set sail towards the coast of South Africa, arriving two days later.

U-177 then headed for France, arriving in Bordeaux on 22 January 1943, after a voyage of 128 days.

Second patrol

U-177 left Bordeaux, 1 April 1943, for her second patrol around the Cape of Good Hope, where she sank six ships totaling Шаблон:GRT. She attacked Convoy CD-20, 27 May, with a salvo of four torpedoes, hitting the Шаблон:GRT United States merchant ship Agwimonte and the Шаблон:GRT Norwegian tanker Storaas. Both ships were abandoned by their crews and were sunk with further torpedoes from U-177.

On 6 July the unescorted Шаблон:GRT Canadian merchant ship Шаблон:SS was hit by two torpedoes from U-177, south southwest of Cap Sainte Marie, the extreme southern point of Madagascar. The U-boat fired another torpedo which either missed or was a dud, so she surfaced to sink the vessel with gunfire, but as she did so her target sank.

On 10 July 1943, U-177 struck the unescorted Шаблон:GRT American Liberty ship Alice F. Palmer, with a single torpedo in the stern, blowing off the propeller and rudder, flooding the engine room, and breaking the back of the ship. The crew of 68 abandoned their vessel in four lifeboats, and after questioning them, U-177 shelled the ship, firing 14 incendiary and 85 high-explosive rounds. The burning ship slowly sank. The four lifeboats eventually sailed to Madagascar.

The Шаблон:GRT British collier Cornish City was torpedoed and sunk on 29 July, southeast of Madagascar. The ship sank within a minute with the loss of 37 of her crew of 43. The survivors were questioned by the Germans and later picked up by Шаблон:HMAS.

The U-boat successfully attacked the unescorted Шаблон:GRT Greek merchant ship Efthalia Mari east of Madagascar on 5 August, after spotting her using a Fa 330 Bachstelze rotor kite. Hit by two torpedoes, the ship sank in eight minutes. U-177 was one of only a few U-boats equipped with the aerial observation platform, and the only one to have successfully used it.

The submarine returned to Bordeaux, 1 October 1943, after 184 days at sea.

Third patrol and loss

Under the command of Korvettenkapitän Heinz Buchholz, U-177 sailed from La Pallice, where she had docked 26 December 1943, 2 January 1944, and once again headed south. On the 36th day of the patrol, 6 February, she was sunk in the Atlantic west of Ascension Island, in position Шаблон:Coord, by depth charges dropped by a P4BY-1 Liberator bomber from VB-107. Fifty men were lost; 15 survived, they were picked up by Шаблон:USS.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate
2 November 1942	Aegeus	Шаблон:Flag	4,538	Sunk
9 November 1942	Cerion	Шаблон:Flag	2,588	Damaged
19 November 1942	Scottish Chief	Шаблон:Flag	7,006	Sunk
20 November 1942	Pierce Butler	Шаблон:Flag	7,191	Sunk
28 November 1942	Шаблон:RMS	Шаблон:Flag	6,796	Sunk
30 November 1942	Llandaff Castle	Шаблон:Flag	10,799	Sunk
7 December 1942	Saronikos	Шаблон:Flag	3,548	Sunk
12 December 1942	Empire Gull	Шаблон:Flag	6,408	Sunk
14 December 1942	Sawahloento	Шаблон:Flag	3,085	Sunk
28 May 1943	Agwimonte	Шаблон:Flag	6,679	Sunk
28 May 1943	Storaas	Шаблон:Flag	7,886	Sunk
6 July 1943	Jasper Park	Шаблон:Flag	7,129	Sunk
10 July 1943	SS Alice F Palmer	Шаблон:Flag	7,176	Sunk
29 July 1943	Cornish City	Шаблон:Flag	4,952	Sunk
15 August 1943	Efthalia Maria	Шаблон:Flag	4,195	Sunk

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite DANFS

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web