Английская Википедия:German submarine U-181
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordШаблон:Infobox service record
German submarine U-181 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 15 March 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 1021. She was launched on 30 December 1941 and commissioned on 9 May 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Lüth. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, U-181 was attached to the 10th flotilla for front-line service on 1 October 1942, then transferred to the 12th flotilla on 1 November.[1]
Design
German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-181 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-181 was fitted with six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/32 naval gun]], 150 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Convert SK C/30]] with 2575 rounds as well as two [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.Шаблон:Sfn
Operational history
Under Lüth's command she sailed on two long combat patrols in late 1942 and 1943, patrolling the waters off South Africa and Mozambique and sinking 22 ships for a total of 103,712 GRT,[2] earning him a promotion to Korvettenkapitän and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. He went on to command the 22nd U-boat Flotilla.[3]
On 1 November 1943 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Kurt Freiwald and part of the 12th U-boat Flotilla. U-181 sailed from her base in Bordeaux, France to Penang, Malaya (now Malaysia) in mid–1944, sinking four ships totalling 24,869 GRT.[2] They carried a Bachstelze and a Naxos radar detector on this trip.[4]Шаблон:Rp On 1 October 1944 the U-boat was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla.[1] She carried out only one additional patrol in the Indian Ocean, in 1944–1945, on their journey home with 130 tons of tin, 20 tons of molybdenum, 80-100 tons of raw rubber, and the latest radar-detection equipment FUMB26 TUNIS.[4]Шаблон:Rp They ended up sinking a single ship of 10,198 GRT.[2] Because of their cargo, they only had room for two torpedoes, which they used in this sinking.[4]Шаблон:Rp The trip home was aborted when the main bearings started to wear out, prompting a return to Batavia on 6 January 1945, but transferring their fuel to Шаблон:GS near the Cocos Islands on the way.[4]Шаблон:Rp
On the 12th, they were ordered to Penang, but only made it as far as Singapore. There they worked on repairing the engines and fitting a Schnorchel, before attempting a renewed trip home starting on 10 May.[4]Шаблон:Rp
Wolfpacks
U-181 took part in one wolfpack from 27 to 30 March 1943.
Fate
On 6 May, Otto Giese dropped the two code-key machines into the Singapore harbor, and later that day, the boat was "taken" by the Japanese Captain Marujama. Admiral Paul Wenneker sent the message on 8 May, that Lubeck was in place, "an early agreement between Germany and Japan, if one nation lost and the other continued fighting, the former would render its war material to the latter." The crew was taken to Batu Pahat.[4]Шаблон:Rp
After Germany's surrender in May 1945 the U-boat was taken over by Japan at Singapore and commissioned as I-501 on 15 July 1945. She surrendered to Allied forces there in August 1945, and was sunk on 12 February 1946 in the Strait of Malacca, in position Шаблон:Coord, by the British frigates Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS.[5]
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st patrol[7] | ||||
| 3 November 1942 | Шаблон:Ship | Шаблон:Flag | 8,159 | Sunk |
| 8 November 1942 | Plaudit | Шаблон:Flag | 5,060 | Sunk |
| 10 November 1942 | K.G. Meldahl | Шаблон:Flag | 3,799 | Sunk |
| 13 November 1942 | Excello | Шаблон:Flag | 4,969 | Sunk |
| 19 November 1942 | Gunda | Шаблон:Flag | 2,241 | Sunk |
| 20 November 1942 | Corinthiakos | Шаблон:Flag | 3,562 | Sunk |
| 22 November 1942 | Alcoa Pathfinder | Шаблон:Flag | 6,797 | Sunk |
| 24 November 1942 | Dorington Court | Шаблон:Flag | 5,281 | Sunk |
| Mount Helmos | Шаблон:Flag | 6,481 | Sunk | |
| 28 November 1942 | Evanthia | Шаблон:Flag | 3,551 | Sunk |
| 30 November 1942 | Cleanthis | Шаблон:Flag | 4,153 | Sunk |
| 2 December 1942 | Amarylis | Шаблон:Flag | 4,328 | Sunk |
| 2nd patrol[8] | ||||
| 11 April 1943 | Empire Whimbrel | Шаблон:Flag | 5,983 | Sunk |
| 11 May 1943 | Tinhow | Шаблон:Flag | 5,232 | Sunk |
| 27 May 1943 | Sicilia | Шаблон:Flag | 1,633 | Sunk |
| 7 June 1943 | Harrier | Шаблон:Flag | 193 | Sunk |
| 2 July 1943 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 2,798 | Sunk |
| 15 July 1943 | Empire Lake | Шаблон:Flag | 2,852 | Sunk |
| 16 July 1943 | Fort Franklin | Шаблон:Flag | 7,135 | Sunk |
| 4 August 1943 | Dalfram | Шаблон:Flag | 4,558 | Sunk |
| 7 August 1943 | Umvuma | Шаблон:Flag | 4,419 | Sunk |
| 12 August 1943 | Clan Macarthur | Шаблон:Flag | 10,528 | Sunk |
| 3rd patrol[9] | ||||
| 1 May 1944 | Janeta | Шаблон:Flag | 5,312 | Sunk |
| 19 June 1944 | Garoet | Шаблон:Flag | 7,118 | Sunk |
| 15 July 1944 | Tanda | Шаблон:Flag | 7,174 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1944 | King Frederick | Шаблон:Flag | 5,265 | Sunk |
| 4th patrol[10] | ||||
| 2 November 1944 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 10,198 | Sunk |
References
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:German Type IXD submarines Шаблон:German Type IX submarines Шаблон:1946 shipwrecks
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокuboatnetне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокpatrolsне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Giese, O., 1994, Shooting the War, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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