Английская Википедия:German submarine U-20 (1936)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-20 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Her keel was laid down on 1 August 1935, by Germaniawerft of Kiel as yard number 550. She was commissioned on 1 February 1936. During World War II, she conducted operations against enemy shipping.
U-20 went on 16 war patrols, sinking 13 ships totalling Шаблон:GRT and 9 tons , damaging one more of Шаблон:GRT.
Design
German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-20 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was Шаблон:Convert, however.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of Шаблон:Convert for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-20 was fitted with three Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft gun]]. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.Шаблон:Sfn
Operational history
First, second and third patrols
U-20Шаблон:'s first three patrols involved observation (in August 1939) and the laying of mines in the North Sea and off the British east coast. She would start in Kiel and finish in Wilhelmshaven; then reverse the process.
Fourth and fifth patrols
She sank Magnus about Шаблон:Convert east northeast of Peterhead in Scotland. The ship went down in 90 seconds; there was only one survivor. She also sank Ionian and Willowpool in November and December respectively, with mines laid in November.
The boat sank Sylvia northeast of Aberdeen on her fifth sortie on 13 October 1940.
Sixth to eighth patrols
U-20 sank a steady number of ships on her sixth and seventh patrols, (her eighth foray was relatively quiet), but a series of changes were on the way.
She was transferred to the U-Ausbildungsflottille as a school boat on 1 May 1940, then the Black Sea, avoiding the heavy British presence at Gibraltar and throughout the Mediterranean by being transported in sections along the Danube to the Romanian port of Galați. She was then re-assembled by the Romanians at the Galați shipyard and sent to her new home in the Black Sea so she could serve with the 30th U-boat Flotilla.[1]
Ninth and tenth patrols
The boat's first patrol in the new environment, but her ninth overall, almost ended in disaster when she tried to torpedo a Soviet submarine chaser; the vessel responded by dropping eight depth charges. U-20 was obliged to stay submerged for four hours and returned to base with various mechanical failures.
Near the end of sally number ten, a crew member from Шаблон:GS who had been taken sick, was transferred to U-20 on 4 August 1943. The boat docked at Constanta on the seventh.
11th to 14th patrols
These patrols were conducted between Constanta and Sevastopol. U-20 sank the Soviet Vaijan Kutur'e on 16 January 1944 off Cape Anakria.
15th patrol
The boat sank Pestel on 19 June 1944 off Trabzon. The Soviets reported that this ship was sunk in Turkish territorial waters.
She also sank the Soviet landing craft DB-26 on 26 June with gunfire and demolition charges.
16th patrol and fate
She was scuttled on 10 September 1944, in the Black Sea off the coast of Turkey.Шаблон:Sfn
On 3 February 2008, The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that U-20 had been discovered by Selçuk Kolay, a Turkish marine engineer, in Шаблон:Convert of water off the coast of the Turkish city of Karasu.[2]
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 November 1939 | Ionian | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,114 | Sunk (mine) |
| 9 December 1939 | Magnus | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,339 | Sunk |
| 10 December 1939 | Føina | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,674 | Sunk |
| 10 December 1939 | Willowpool | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,815 | Sunk (mine) |
| 13 January 1940 | Sylvia | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,524 | Sunk |
| 27 January 1940 | England | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,319 | Sunk |
| 27 January 1940 | Faro | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 844 | Total loss |
| 27 January 1940 | Fredensborg | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,094 | Sunk |
| 27 January 1940 | Hosanger | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,591 | Sunk |
| 29 February 1940 | Maria Rosa | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,211 | Sunk |
| 1 March 1940 | Mirella | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,340 | Sunk |
| 29 November 1943 | Peredovik | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,846 | Damaged |
| 16 January 1944 | Vaijan Kutur'e | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,602 | Total loss |
| 7 April 1944 | Rion | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 187 | Sunk (mine) |
| 19 June 1944 | Pestel | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,850 | Sunk |
| 24 June 1944 | DB-26 | Шаблон:Navy | 9 | Sunk |
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:TypeIIsubmarine Шаблон:September 1944 shipwrecks Шаблон:Coord
- ↑ Steel and Ice: The U-boat Battle in the Arctic and Black Sea 1941-45, Chapter 5 - The Black Sea: War in the South 1942-43, fifth page
- ↑ Adolf Hitler's "Lost fleet" found in Black Sea, The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 2010-12-27
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- Английская Википедия
- German Type II submarines
- U-boats commissioned in 1936
- U-boats scuttled in 1944
- World War II submarines of Germany
- World War II shipwrecks in the Black Sea
- 1936 ships
- Ships built in Kiel
- Ships built in Romania
- Maritime incidents in September 1944
- Shipwrecks of Turkey
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