Английская Википедия:German submarine U-223
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-223 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
Ordered on 15 August 1940 from the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, she was laid down on 15 July 1941 as yard number 653, launched on 16 April 1942 and commissioned on 6 June under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Jürg Wächter.
A member of eight wolfpacks, she sank two ships totalling Шаблон:GRT in six patrols. She also sank one warship of 1,935 tons and caused one ship of Шаблон:GRT and one warship of 1,300 tons to be declared total losses.
She was sunk on 30 March 1944 by British warships in the Mediterranean Sea. 23 men died; there were 27 survivors.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-223 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-223 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
First patrol
For her first patrol, U-223 departed Kiel on 12 January 1943. Keeping to the Norwegian side of the North Sea, she entered the Atlantic Ocean having negotiated the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She moved to the south of Greenland. There, she sank the troop transport SS Dorchester west of Cape Farewell on 3 February. The troop ship was sailing with a total of 904 people on board. 675 of them died. Four of the dead were chaplains of different faiths who had given up their lifebelts to soldiers among the incumbents. The clergymen were posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the Purple Heart; the US Congress declared 3 February 'Chaplains Observance Day' in 1961.
She also sank Winkler on 23 February; the ship went down in 45 seconds. The U-boat then prevented any retaliation from the convoy escort ships by diving underneath survivors in the water.
U-223 was attacked by a British Flying Fortress of No. 59 Squadron RAF on 1 March. The aircraft dropped seven depth charges which overshot. Damage to the U-boat was slight, but the Fortress was hit and only just managed to return to its base.
The submarine docked at St. Nazaire in occupied France on 6 March.
Second patrol
U-223 was depth charged to the surface and shelled by the destroyer Шаблон:HMS in mid-Atlantic on 11 May 1943. Two men were lost overboard; one of them was rescued by Шаблон:GS. Meanwhile, U-223 had escaped the wrath of the British ship and returned to St. Nazaire. Due to the repairs needed, she did not put to sea again until September.
Third patrol
Having left St. Nazaire on 14 September, the boat had passed the heavily fortified British base at Gibraltar by the 26th. Before docking at Toulon on 16 October, she attacked Stanmore on the second near Cape Ivi, Algeria. The badly damaged ship was taken under tow by two tugs. She was beached at Cape Tenes[1] where she broke in two and was declared a total loss.
Fourth and fifth patrols
Also a total loss was the British frigate HMS Cuckmere (K299). She had been escorting a convoy off Bougie[2] when she was hit. She was towed to Algiers and returned to the US Navy in 1946.
U-223Шаблон:'s fifth sortie was relatively uneventful, passing south of Sardinia and headed for the Italian mainland.
Sixth patrol and loss
The U-boat had left Toulon on 16 March 1944. She was detected by the ASDIC (sonar) of Шаблон:HMS on the 29th north of Palermo. Ulster was not alone; she was accompanied by two other destroyers - Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. By early morning of the 30th, the U-boat, after heavy depth charging, was forced to the surface, where she was engaged by gunfire. Ulster had been replaced by two escort destroyers, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. Before being sunk, U-223 managed to sink HMS Laforey.
23 men died; there were 27 survivors.
Wolfpacks
U-223 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely:
- Haudegen (26 January – 2 February 1943)
- Nordsturm (2 – 9 February 1943)
- Haudegen (9 – 15 February 1943)
- Taifun (15 – 20 February 1943)
- Amsel (22 April – 3 May 1943)
- Amsel 2 (3 – 6 May 1943)
- Elbe (7 – 10 May 1943)
- Elbe 2 (10 – 12 May 1943)
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 February 1943 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 5,649 | Sunk |
| 23 February 1943 | Winkler | Шаблон:Flag | 6,907 | Sunk |
| 2 October 1943 | Stanmore | Шаблон:Flag | 4,970 | Total loss |
| 11 December 1943 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 1,300 | Total loss |
| 30 March 1944 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 1,935 | Sunk |
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:March 1944 shipwrecks
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Use dmy dates
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, Шаблон:ISBN,p. 15
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World, pp.15 and 48
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Note"/>
- Английская Википедия
- German Type VIIC submarines
- World War II submarines of Germany
- U-boats commissioned in 1942
- U-boats sunk in 1944
- U-boats sunk by British warships
- U-boats sunk by depth charges
- 1942 ships
- World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
- Ships built in Kiel
- Maritime incidents in March 1944
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