Английская Википедия:German submarine U-23 (1936)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-23 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built in Germaniawerft, Kiel. She was laid down on 11 April 1936 and commissioned on 24 September.
Design
German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-23 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was Шаблон:Convert, however.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of Шаблон:Convert for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-23 was fitted with three Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft gun]]. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
At 04:45 on 4 October 1939, U-23 scored one of the KriegsmarineШаблон:'s early successes of the war when she torpedoed and sank with gunfire, the merchant ship Glen Farg about Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Sumburgh Head (southern Shetland). One person died, while 16 survivors were picked up by Шаблон:HMS and landed at Kirkwall the next day.
In 16 patrols U-23 sank seven ships for a total of Шаблон:GRT including two warships, as well as damaging a warship and an auxiliary warship.
Over the course of her service with the Kriegsmarine, U-23 had ten commanding officers, the most famous of whom was Kapitänleutnant Otto Kretschmer, who went on to become the top scoring U-boat ace. After service in the Atlantic with the 1st U-boat Flotilla, U-23 served as a training boat with the 21st U-boat Flotilla from July 1940 until September 1942. U-23 was then transported in sections along the Danube to the Romanian port of Galați. She was then re-assembled by the Romanians at the Galați shipyard and sent to the Black Sea port of Constanţa, Romania, with the 30th U-boat Flotilla until September 1944.[1]
Fate
U-23 was scuttled by her crew on 10 September 1944, off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea at position Шаблон:Coord to prevent her capture by the advancing Soviets.
On 3 February 2008, The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that U-23 had been discovered by Selçuk Kolay, a Turkish marine engineer, in Шаблон:Convert of water, three miles from the town of Ağva.[2][3]
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 October 1939 | Glen Farg | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 876 | Sunk |
| 8 December 1939 | Scotia | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,400 | Sunk |
| 11 January 1940 | Fredville | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,150 | Sunk |
| 12 January 1940 | Danmark | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,517 | Total loss |
| 23 January 1940 | Varild | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,085 | Sunk |
| 18 February 1940 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 1,375 | Sunk |
| 19 February 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,225 | Sunk |
| 22 February 1940 | Loch Maddy | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,996 | Total loss |
| 24 August 1943 | Shkval | Шаблон:Navy | 35 | Sunk |
| 15 October 1943 | TSC-486 Sovetskja Rossiya | Шаблон:Navy | 1,005 | Damaged |
| 23 October 1943 | Tanais | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 372 | Sunk |
| 5 April 1944 | SKA-099 | Шаблон:Navy | 56 | Damaged |
| 29 May 1944 | Smelyj | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 71 | Sunk |
| 1 September 1944 | Oituz | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,686 | Sunk |
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:TypeIIsubmarine Шаблон:September 1944 shipwrecks
- ↑ Steel and Ice: The U-boat Battle in the Arctic and Black Sea 1941-45, Chapter 5 - The Black Sea: War in the South 1942-43, page 5
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- Английская Википедия
- German Type II submarines
- U-boats commissioned in 1936
- U-boats scuttled in 1944
- World War II submarines of Germany
- World War II shipwrecks in the Black Sea
- 1936 ships
- Ships built in Kiel
- Ships built in Romania
- Maritime incidents in September 1944
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