Английская Википедия:German submarine U-28 (1936)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-28 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 2 December 1935, by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen. She was launched on 14 July 1936, and commissioned into Kriegsmarine on 12 September 1936, with Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Ambrosius in command. Ambrosius was succeeded by nine other commanding officers over the next eight years.

U-28 conducted seven war patrols between 19 August 1939 and 15 November 1940, all under the command of Kapitänleutnant Günter Kuhnke, sinking 13 ships totaling Шаблон:GRT and damaging two others totaling Шаблон:GRT.

After her third patrol, U-28 became a training vessel and was used to bring new U-boat crews up to standard. She was later sunk in an accident on 17 March 1944 and stricken on 4 August 1944.

Construction and design

Construction

U-28 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 1 April 1935 as part of the German Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Her keel was laid down in the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen as yard number 909 on 2 December 1935. After about ten months of construction, she was launched on 14 July 1936 and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine as the third Type VIIA submarine on 12 September 1936 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Ambrosius.

Design

Шаблон:Main Like all Type VIIA submarines, U-28 displaced Шаблон:Convert while surfaced and Шаблон:Convert when submerged. She was Шаблон:Convert in overall length and had a Шаблон:Convert pressure hull. U-28Шаблон:'s propulsion consisted of two MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M 6 V 40/46 diesel engines that totaled Шаблон:Convert. Her maximum rpm was between 470 and 485. The submarine was also equipped with two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 electric motors that totaled Шаблон:Convert. Their maximum rpm was 322. These power plants gave U-28 a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert while surfaced and Шаблон:Convert when submerged. She had a range of Шаблон:Convert while traveling at Шаблон:Convert on the surface and Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert when submerged.

The U-boat's test depth was Шаблон:Convert but she could go as deep as Шаблон:Convert without having her hull crushed. U-28Шаблон:'s armament consisted of five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes, (four located in the bow and one in the stern). She could have up to eleven torpedoes on board or 22 TMA mines or 33 TMB mines. U-28 was also equipped with a C35 88 mm gun/L45 deck gun with 220 rounds. Her anti-aircraft defenses consisted of one [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

First patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s first war patrol took place from 19 August to 29 September 1939. On 14 September, while sailing around the mouth of St George's Channel, U-28 sank a 5,000 GRT freighter, which was her only success of the patrol.

Second patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s second war patrol took place from 8 November to 12 December 1939. For this effort she was instructed to lay a minefield near the port city of Swansea. En route to Bristol, U-28 sank two ships; the 5,000 GRT Dutch tanker MV Sliedrecht and the 5,100 GRT British freighter SS Royston Grange. U-28 then laid her minefield and returned to port in Germany. While the minefield was not an immediate success, it sank the 9,600 GRT British freighter Шаблон:SS 60 days after it was laid.

Third patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s third sortie took place from 18 February to 25 March 1940. She was instructed to lay mines off the British Naval Base at Portsmouth. After U-28 laid the minefield, she went on to sink two ships for 11,200 GRT.

Fourth patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s fourth war patrol took place from 8 June to 7 July 1940. She was sent to the Western Approaches and turned in an average performance of sinking three ships totalling 10,300 GRT. The Irish government sought an explanation from Germany for the sinking of the neutral Greek ship Adamandios Georgandis: "the entire cargo of which comprised grain for exclusive consumption in Éire" She was sailing from Rosario (in Argentina) to Cork with a cargo of wheat when she was torpedoed and sunk south-west of Ireland at Шаблон:Coord.

Fifth patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s fifth war patrol took place from 11 August to 17 September 1940 and was one of Kuhnke's most productive. In August, she sank two ships for 5,500 GRT. On 10 September, U-28 found and tracked Convoy OA 210. In the darkness of early morning on 11 September, U-28 attacked the convoy and claimed two large freighters (13,000 GRT each) sunk and caused damage to a 10,000 GRT tanker, bringing Kuhnke's total for the patrol to five ships for 30,000 GRT. However, during the postwar analysis, he was only credited with sinking a 2,000 GRT Dutch freighter and damaging a 4,700 GRT British freighter; which, combined with his earlier sinkings, brought his total to four ships for 9,945 GRT. On his return to Lorient Kuhnke was awarded the Knight's Cross for his work.

Sixth patrol

U-28Шаблон:'s sixth and final war patrol took her from Lorient back to Germany; because of the heavy seas and foul weather, U-28 sank only half a ship for 2,694 GRT. (U-28 and Шаблон:GS shared credit for the sinking of the SS Matina). On 15 November 1940, she returned to Germany and was turned over to the training command. Günter Kuhnke proceeded to command Шаблон:GS.

Fate

U-28 sank by accident on 17 March 1944, at the U-boat pier in Neustadt. During a training exercise, the boat had passed under a dummy freighter used for target practice. The commander-in-training failed to note the position of the stationary freighter, and the U-boat's conning tower was ripped off. Water flooded the control room, but the other compartments remained intact. The crew escaped by slowly equalizing the water pressure in the boat and swimming to the surface. The boat was raised in March 1944, but was stricken on 4 August. The submarine's crew suffered no casualties during her career.

Wolfpacks

U-28 took part in one wolfpack, namely:

• Prien (12 – 17 June 1940)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name of Ship	Nationality	Tonnage	Fate
14 September 1939	Vancouver City	Шаблон:Flag	4,955	Sunk
17 November 1939	Sliedrecht	Шаблон:Flag	5,133	Sunk
25 November 1939	Royston Grange	Шаблон:Flag	5,144	Sunk
21 January 1940	Protesilaus	Шаблон:Flag	9,577	Total loss (mine)
9 March 1940	P. Margoronis	Шаблон:Flag	4,979	Sunk
11 March 1940	Eulota	Шаблон:Flag	6,236	Sunk
18 June 1940	Samartia	Шаблон:Flag	2,417	Sunk
19 June 1940	Adamandios Georgandis	Шаблон:Flag	3,443	Sunk
21 June 1940	HMS Prunella	Шаблон:Navy	4,443	Sunk
27 August 1940	Eva	Шаблон:Flag	1,599	Sunk
28 August 1940	Kyno	Шаблон:Flag	3,946	Sunk
9 September 1940	Mardinian	Шаблон:Flag	2,434	Sunk
11 September 1940	Harpenden	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,678	Damaged
11 September 1940	Maas	Шаблон:Flag	1,966	Sunk
26 October 1940	Matina	Шаблон:Flag	5,389	Damaged

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web