Английская Википедия:German submarine U-34 (1936)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-34 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down in September 1935, launched in July 1936 and commissioned in September.

U-34 and sister boat U-33 took part in Operation Ursula during the Spanish Civil War, with U-34 becoming the first German submarine to sink another vessel since the end of World War I in 1918. During World War II the boat carried out seven patrols, sinking 22 ships and capturing two more. She was sunk in a collision in the Baltic in August 1943.

Design

As one of the first ten German Type VII submarines later designated as Type VIIA submarines, U-34 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-34 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), eleven torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

She was laid down on 15 September 1935 by the Germaniawerft at Kiel as yard number 557, launched on 17 July 1936 and commissioned on 12 September 1936 under the command of Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Ernst Sobe.

U-34 was, after commissioning, a part of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla until September 1940. She was then sent to the 21st flotilla for less than a month. She spent almost the next three years with the 24th flotilla.

Spanish Civil War

U-34 took part in Operation Ursula—the German submarine operation in support of Franco's naval forces during the Spanish Civil War. Under the command of Kptlt. Harald Grosse, she sank the Spanish Republican Navy submarine C-3 off the coast of Malaga on 12 December 1936.

World War II

First patrol

The U-boat left Wilhelmshaven (which was to be her base until July 1940), on 19 August 1939. Her route took her across the North Sea to the 'gap' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She entered the Atlantic Ocean on about the 24th and headed south, to the west of Ireland. On 7 September she sank Pukkastan about Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bishop Rock after getting the ship to stop with two rounds fired across her bows with the deck gun.

The next day she repeated the exercise and sank Kennebec about Шаблон:Convert southwest of the Scilly Isles.

She also damaged, then captured Hanonia and her cargo of timber off Norway. The ship had been bound for a British port, but instead she was taken to Kiel and on to Hamburg by a prize crew.

The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 26 September.

Second patrol

U-34Шаблон:'s second foray was even more fruitful, sinking Gustav Adolf and Sea Venture (which had replied to the U-boats' warning shots with fire of her own), both on 20 October 1939. Bronte on the 27th and Malabar went to the bottom on the 29th. The boat also captured Snar in the North Sea on 9 November.

Third patrol

The first victim of this sortie was Caroni River in Falmouth Bay on 20 January 1940.

The next was the neutral, clearly marked and fully lit, Greek merchantman Eleni Stathatou at Шаблон:Coord on the 28th. The survivors were eventually rescued by Michael Casey, a fisherman from Kerry, who towed them to Portmagee. 13 died of exposure. The 20 survivors were so weak that they had to be carried ashore.

Fourth and fifth patrols

Patrol number four, in March 1940, was through the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. It was remarkable only for its lack of 'kills'.

U-34 torpedoed the already scuttled Norwegian minelayer Шаблон:HNoMS on 13 April 1940 near Søtvika to prevent her salvage.

Sixth patrol

The boat used the so-called Faroes/Shetland 'gap' (which she had cleared by 26 June 1940), to enter the Atlantic; she had left Wilhelmshaven on the 22nd. On 5 July she sank the British destroyer Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Convert west of Lands End.

Less than 24 hours later she had also accounted for Vapper south of Cape Clear, (southern Ireland).

There followed a steady stream of victories in the same area: Lucrecia, Tiiu, Petamo, Janna and Evdoxia. Having run out of torpedoes, U-34 sank Naftilos with gunfire.

The boat docked at the newly occupied port of Lorient, on the French Atlantic coast, on 18 July.

Seventh patrol

The sinkings continued; Vinnemoor on 26 July 1940; Accra on the same day and in the same attack and Sambre and Thiara, both on the 27th. Returning to Germany, the boat came across the British submarine Шаблон:HMS. Using her last torpedo, the U-boat managed to sink the British unit. There was only one survivor from Spearfish, he was captured by the Germans.

Fate

She was sunk at 21:55 on 5 August 1943 at Memel (today's Klaipėda in Lithuania), in the Baltic, in position Шаблон:Coord after a collision with the U-boat tender Lech. Four men died, although 39 survived. The boat was raised on 24 August but stricken on 8 September 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name of Ship	Nationality	Tonnage	Fate
12 December 1936	C-3	Шаблон:Flag	925	Sunk
7 September 1939	Pukkastan	Шаблон:Flag	5,809	Sunk
8 September 1939	Kennebec	Шаблон:Flag	5,548	Sunk
24 September 1939	Hanonia	Шаблон:Flag	1,781	Captured as prize
20 October 1939	Gustav Adolf	Шаблон:Flag	926	Sunk
20 October 1939	Sea Venture	Шаблон:Flag	2,327	Sunk
27 October 1939	Bronte	Шаблон:Flag	5,317	Sunk
29 October 1939	Malabar	Шаблон:Flag	7,976	Sunk
9 November 1939	Snar	Шаблон:Flag	3,176	Captured as prize
20 January 1940	Caroni River	Шаблон:Flag	7,807	Sunk (mine)
28 January 1940	Eleni Stathatou	Шаблон:Flag	5,625	Sunk
13 April 1940	Шаблон:HNoMS	Шаблон:Navy	595	Total loss
5 July 1940	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	1,100	Sunk
6 July 1940	Vapper	Шаблон:Flag	4,543	Sunk
7 July 1940	Lucrecia	Шаблон:Flag	2,584	Sunk
9 July 1940	Tiiu	Шаблон:Flag	1,865	Sunk
10 July 1940	Petsamo	Шаблон:Flag	4,596	Sunk
11 July 1940	Janna	Шаблон:Flag	2,197	Sunk
15 July 1940	Evdoxia	Шаблон:Flag	2,018	Sunk
15 July 1940	Naftilos	Шаблон:Flag	3,531	Sunk
26 July 1940	Accra	Шаблон:Flag	9,337	Sunk
26 July 1940	Vinemoor	Шаблон:Flag	4,359	Sunk
27 July 1940	Sambre	Шаблон:Flag	5,260	Sunk
27 July 1940	Thiara	Шаблон:Flag	10,364	Sunk
1 August 1940	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	670	Sunk

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
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External links

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• Шаблон:Cite web