Английская Википедия:German submarine U-455
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record
German submarine U-455 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 3 September 1940, launched on 21 June 1941 and commissioned on 21 August with Kapitänleutnant Hans-Heinrich Giessler in command of a crew of 51.
Her service began with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, a training outfit. She was transferred to the 7th flotilla for operations at the beginning of 1942 and again to the 29th flotilla in March 1944.
She carried out ten patrols and was a member of six wolfpacks; she sank three ships for a total of Шаблон:GRT.
She was lost, probably in the Ligurian Sea (north of Corsica), on 5 April 1944. Her wreck was discovered in 2005, off Genoa. She had previously been thought to be near La Spezia.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-455 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-455 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], (220 rounds), one [[3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43|Шаблон:Convert Flak M42]] and two [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
First, second and third patrols
U-455Шаблон:'s operational career began when she left Kiel on 15 January 1942. Her first patrol took her to Iceland via Stavanger and Bergen in Norway. She returned to Bergen, empty-handed, on 28 February 1942.
The boat's second patrol was similarly unproductive, leaving Bergen on 21 March 1942 and arriving in St. Nazaire in occupied France on the 30th. She would continue to use this port for most of the rest of her career.
Her third foray was better; on 3 May 1942, she sank the British Workman off Cape Race, Newfoundland, followed by the Geo H. Jones on 11 June northeast of the Azores. Having departed St. Nazaire on 16 April 1942, she returned on 16 June, having spent 62 days at sea.
Fourth and fifth patrols
Her fourth patrol was even longer, it took her as far as the US Georgia coast, southeast of Savannah. She returned to St. Nazaire on 28 October 1942, having commenced the voyage on 22 August, a total of 68 days.
Her fifth patrol started on 24 November 1942; she scoured large swathes of the Atlantic, all to no avail.
Sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth patrols
Success continued to elude her; the only excitement on her sixth patrol was when a crewman was injured by one of the boat's own AA guns.
Things became even more serious on her eighth patrol. With a new captain, Kptlt. Hans-Martin Scheibe, who had assumed command on 22 November 1942, U-455, along with Шаблон:GS and Шаблон:GS, were caught on the surface on 4 October 1943 while re-fuelling from Шаблон:GS by Grumman TBF Avengers from Шаблон:USS. The smaller boats escaped, but U-460 was sunk.
Her ninth foray saw the U-boat transit the heavily defended Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea, leaving St. Nazaire on 6 January 1944 and arriving in Toulon on 3 February.
Tenth patrol and loss
On 5 April 1944, U-455 was lost with all hands, sunk by a mine. The German navy did not provide the sub's captain with their latest minefield maps and U-455 was driven straight into a German minefield. A mine exploded near the stern section - possibly during a turn - ripping off about Шаблон:Convert of the boat's stern, leaving the crew without any chance of survival. The boat was likely at periscope depth, since the observation mast was deployed. The wreck is lying about Шаблон:Convert depth Шаблон:Convert off Camogli, Italy, vertically with her fore section up. Her diesel mechanic Luke Brauer, who had served on-board up to patrol 9 but transferred to the naval academy before her last mission, confirmed her identity during a sea exploration in 2008. Her last transmission was on 2 April 1944, four days prior to her disappearance, when she radioed-in while on patrol off the coast of Algiers.[1]
Wolfpacks
U-455 took part in six wolfpacks, namely:
- Hecht (27 January – 4 February 1942)
- Pfadfinder (21 – 27 May 1942)
- Draufgänger (29 November – 11 December 1942)
- Ungestüm (11 – 30 December 1942)
- Without name (11 – 23 July 1943)
- Schlieffen (14 October 1943)
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 May 1942 | British Workman | Шаблон:Flag | 6,994 | Sunk |
| 11 June 1942 | Geo H. Jones | Шаблон:Flag | 6,914 | Sunk |
| 25 July 1943 | Rouenais | Шаблон:Flag | 3,777 | Sunk (mine) |
References
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:April 1944 shipwrecks Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Subject bar
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