Английская Википедия:German submarine U-46 (1938)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-46 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She had a highly successful career during the war.

Design

German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-46 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-46 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

U-46 was ordered on 21 November 1936 and laid down on 24 February 1937 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel, becoming yard number 581. She was launched on 10 September 1938 and commissioned under her first commander, Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Herbert Sohler, on 2 November of that year. Sohler commanded her during her working up with the 7th U-boat Flotilla, she then became a front boat with that flotilla. She set out from Kiel on her first war patrol on 19 August 1939 in the North Sea, returning on 15 September.

Sohler replaced by Endrass

On 13 April 1940 during the battles around Narvik, Norway U-46 was depth charged and severely damaged by British destroyers supporting Шаблон:HMS. Sohler eventually commanded U-46 for six war patrols, but failed to score any successes against enemy shipping. He was removed from command on 21 May 1940 and was replaced by Engelbert Endrass the following day. Endrass had been Günther Prien's First Officer aboard Шаблон:GS when they had infiltrated Scapa Flow and sunk the battleship Шаблон:HMS. U-46 was to be his first command.Шаблон:Sfn

Initial successes

Endrass left Kiel on 1 June to patrol the North Sea and into the Atlantic. He was immediately successful, on 6 June U-46 scored her first kill, the armed merchant cruiser Шаблон:RMS. Endrass followed this up with the Finnish merchant ship SS Margareta on 9 June. On 11 June he damaged MV Athelprince; the following day he sank SS Barbara Marie and SS Willowbank. His final kill was the Greek SS Elpis on 17 June. U-46 returned to Kiel on 1 July after 31 days at sea, during which five ships had been sunk for 35,347 tons and another for 8,782 tons, had been damaged.

Файл:SS Margareta.jpg

SS Margareta

Файл:HMS Triad.jpg

HMS Triad

U-46 relocated to Bergen in August. On 3 August she was spotted by the British submarine Шаблон:HMS. Triad surfaced and attacked U-46 with her 102mm gun at 2230 hours. Endrass dived, pursued by Triad but the two submarines subsequently lost contact. U-46 sailed again on 8 August. It was another highly successful patrol. On 16 August she damaged the Dutch ship SS Alcinous and on 20 August torpedoed the Greek vessel Шаблон:SS. The ship was declared a total loss. On 27 August U-46 sank the armed merchant cruiser Шаблон:HMS, followed by SS Ville de Hasselt on 31 August, SS Thornlea on 2 September and SS Luimneach, an Irish steamship sailing under a neutral flag, on 4 September.

There are differences in the accounts given by the captains. Endrass claimed that Captain Eric Jones and his crew "lost their heads completely" at the shot across the bows from his U-boat. Jones was an experienced captain. The Luimneach had survived twelve aerial attacks during the Spanish Civil War. The crew of Luimneach abandoned ship and Endrass sank her with gunfire, as he had no torpedoes remaining. Following an inquiry on 4 March 1941, Dönitz concluded that the U-boat acted correctly in sinking an abandoned ship. U-46 returned to Lorient on the French Atlantic coast on 6 September, having sunk five ships for 29,883 tons and damaged another for 6,189 tons.

Convoy interception

Her next patrol from Saint Nazaire (also in France), only lasted seven days but claimed two ships sunk on 26 September, SS Coast Wings and SS Siljan for a combined total of 3,920 tons. U-46 sailed again on 13 October. During this patrol she was involved in wolfpack attacks against the inbound convoys SC 7 and HX 79. She sank SS Beatus, SS Convallaria and SS Gunborg from SC 7 on 18 October and SS Ruperra and SS Janus from HX 79 on 19 October and 20 October respectively. On 25 October U-46 was attacked by three Lockheed Hudsons of No. 233 Squadron RAF, fatally wounding one of the crew. U-46 put into Kiel on 29 October after 17 days at sea, during which she had sunk 22,966 tons of shipping.

Her next patrol took her from Kiel on 12 February 1941 to St. Nazaire where she arrived on 4 March after 21 days at sea, during which she had not attacked any ships. Her next patrol was more successful. On 29 March SS Liguria was sunk, followed by SS Castor on 31 March and SS British Reliance on 2 April. SS Alderpool was damaged on 3 April; U-46 returned to port, having sunk three ships for 17,465 tons and damaged another for 4,313 tons. The next patrol damaged SS Ensis on 8 June and sank SS Phidias on 9 June. The damaged Ensis had rammed her attacker, damaging U-46’s conning tower and periscope, the patrol was aborted. Endrass carried out his last patrol with U-46 from 26 July until 26 August but did not attack any ships.

Withdrawal from active service and scuttling

After Endrass left the boat on 24 September, U-46 was designated as a training boat with the 26th U-boat Flotilla. She came under a number of commanders: Peter-Ottmar Grau, Konstantin von Puttkamer, Kurt Neubert, Ernst von Witzendorff, Franz Saar, Joachim Knecht and Erich Jewinski, and was moved to the 24th U-boat Flotilla in April 1942. She was decommissioned at Neustadt in October 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

As the end of the war approached, she was scuttled on 5 May 1945 in Kupfermühlen Bay. She had sunk 20 merchant ships for a total of Шаблон:GRT, two auxiliary warships for a total of Шаблон:GRT and damaged another five ships, one of which was later written off.

Wolfpacks

U-46 took part in two wolfpacks

• Rösing (12–15 June 1940)
• West (19 May – 6 June 1941)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name of ship	Nationality	Tonnage	Fate
17 October 1939	City of Mandalay	Шаблон:Flagcountry	7,028	Sunk
21 December 1939	Rudolf	Шаблон:Flagcountry	924	Sunk
6 June 1940	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	20,277	Sunk
9 June 1940	Margareta	Шаблон:Flagcountry	2,155	Sunk
11 June 1940	Athelprince	Шаблон:Flagcountry	8,782	Damaged
12 June 1940	Barbara Marie	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,223	Sunk
12 June 1940	Willowbank	Шаблон:Flagcountry	5,041	Sunk
17 June 1940	Elpis	Шаблон:Flagcountry	3,651	Sunk
16 August 1940	Alcinuos	Шаблон:Flagcountry	6,189	Damaged
16 August 1940	Leonidas M. Valmas	Шаблон:Flagcountry	2,080	Total loss
27 August 1940	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	15,007	Sunk
31 August 1940	Ville de Hasselt	Шаблон:Flagcountry	7,461	Sunk
2 September 1940	Thornlea	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,261	Sunk
4 September 1940	Lumineach	Шаблон:Flagcountry	1,074	Sunk
26 September 1940	Coast Wings	Шаблон:Flagcountry	862	Sunk
26 September 1940	Siljan	Шаблон:Flagcountry	3,058	Sunk
18 October 1940	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,885	Sunk
18 October 1940	Convallera	Шаблон:Flagcountry	1,996	Sunk
18 October 1940	Gunborg	Шаблон:Flagcountry	1,572	Sunk
18 October 1940	Ruperra	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,548	Sunk
20 October 1940	Janus	Шаблон:Flagcountry	9,965	Sunk
29 March 1941	Liguria	Шаблон:Flagcountry	1,751	Sunk
31 March 1941	Castor	Шаблон:Flagcountry	8,714	Sunk
2 April 1941	British Reliance	Шаблон:Flagcountry	7,000	Sunk
3 April 1941	Alderpool	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,313	Damaged
8 June 1941	Ensis	Шаблон:Flagcountry	6,207	Damaged
9 June 1941	Phidias	Шаблон:Flagcountry	5,623	Sunk

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web