Английская Википедия:German submarine U-564
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-564 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during the Second World War. The RAF sank her in the Bay of Biscay on 14 June 1943.
Construction and commissioning
She was ordered on 24 October 1939 and was laid down on 30 March 1940 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as ' 540'. She was launched on 7 February 1941 and commissioned under her first commander Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren on 3 April of that year. Her chief engineer under Suhren was Ulrich Gabler. Suhren commanded her for her work-up with the 1st U-boat Flotilla between 3 April and 1 June 1941. She then became a front (operational) boat of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, and set out on her first patrols.[1]
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-564 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-564 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
Early patrols
Her first patrol took U-564 from Kiel to Brest in occupied France, spending a total of 41 days at sea. The patrol brought a number of successes; on 27 June Suhren came across convoy HX 133. He damaged the Norwegian tanker Шаблон:MV and sank the Dutch Шаблон:SS and the British Шаблон:MV that day. He had one further success on that patrol, sinking the Icelandic merchantman Шаблон:SS on 29 June. U-564 put into Brest on 27 July, having sunk three merchant ships for Шаблон:GRT, and damaged another for 9,467 GRT.[1]
She sailed again from Brest on 16 August, heading into the Atlantic. She came across convoy OG-71 and sank the Irish Шаблон:SS and the British tug Empire Oak on 22 August. She sank an escort the following day, Шаблон:HMS. U-564 returned to Brest on 27 August after 12 days at sea, having sunk three ships for Шаблон:GRT. She sailed again on 16 September, this time encountering convoy HG-75 on 24 October. She sank three British merchantmen that day, Шаблон:SS, Шаблон:SS and Шаблон:SS.[1] U-564 was attacked later in the evening, by a bomb from an aircraft and later by an escort with depth charges. She escaped damage however, and returned to port at Lorient on 1 November having spent 47 days at sea and sunk three ships for 1,687 and 900 tons.[1]
U-564 relocated to La Pallice in early 1942, and sailed from there on 18 January. She sank the Canadian tanker Шаблон:MV Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bermuda on 11 February 1942, and damaged the British tanker Шаблон:MV, although not severely (her deck gun firing 83 rounds, but only scoring three hits), on 16 February, before returning to Brest on 6 March, after 48 days on patrol with Шаблон:GRT sunk and Шаблон:GRT damaged.[1]
Off the American coast
U-564 sailed from Brest on 4 April 1942, to cross the Atlantic and prey on shipping off the North American coast, including Florida. She was in position in early May and on 3 May, secured her first success, sinking the British Шаблон:SS. On the 4 May, she damaged the British Шаблон:SS, and on 5 May she damaged the American Шаблон:SS. On 8 May she sank the American merchantman Шаблон:SS, the following day she sank the Panamanian tanker Шаблон:MV. Her final success in American waters was to sink the Mexican tanker Шаблон:SS. U-564 arrived back in Brest on 6 June, having spent 64 days at sea and sunk four ships, for Шаблон:GRT, and damaged two ships, for Шаблон:GRT.[1]
U-564 repeated the exercise on her next patrol, departing Brest on 6 July to operate off the coast of South America. Whilst outward-bound across the Atlantic, Suhren came across convoy OS-34 near the Azores, and on 19 July sank the British merchant Шаблон:SS, and damaged the Шаблон:MV (sank 1 August whilst under tow back to the UK). Operating off the northern South America coast, he sank the Шаблон:SS and the Шаблон:SS west of Grenada on 19 August and on the 30th, she sank the Norwegian tanker Vardaas north of Scarborough. U-564 arrived back in Brest on 18 September after 72 days on patrol, having sunk five ships for Шаблон:GRT.[1]
Fiedler takes charge
This was Suhren's last patrol as commander of U-564. He left on 1 October to become an instructor, Oberleutnant zur See Hans Fiedler took command.[1] He took the boat on two war patrols in 1943 but failed to hit any enemy ships. On one of these sorties events took a dramatic turn when the U-boat lost a crewman, Fähnrich zur See (Ensign) Heinrich Fuerhake. U-564 was transferred to operate out of Bordeaux in April 1943. She left the French port city for the final time on 9 June with four other outbound U-boats, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS and Шаблон:GS.[1] A Royal Air Force Short Sunderland spotted the boats and attacked them off Cape Finisterre at 18.59 hours on 13 June. The aircraft targeted U-564 and dropped its bombs, but was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, killing all 11 of the crew. U-564 had sustained heavy damage and turned back, escorted by U-185.[1]
Wolfpacks
U-564 took part in six wolfpacks, namely:
- Brandenburg (16 – 19 September 1941)
- Breslau (2 – 29 October 1941)
- Natter (2 – 8 November 1942)
- Westwall (8 – 16 December 1942)
- Seeteufel (21 – 30 March 1943)
- Löwenherz (1 – 10 April 1943)
Sinking
An Armstrong Whitworth Whitley sighted the two U-boats in the Bay of Biscay the following day and shadowed them. U-564 was unable to dive due to the damage already sustained. By 16:45 hours the Whitley was running low on fuel and attacked U-564. The two U-boats damaged their attacker with anti-aircraft fire but the aircraft's depth charges fatally damaged U-564 and she sank at 17:30 hours. The damaged Whitley was forced to ditch, where a French trawler rescued the crew. There were 18 survivors from U-564 including the commander. Шаблон:GS picked them up and transferred them to the Шаблон:Ship two hours later.[1]
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 June 1941 | Kongsgaard | Шаблон:Flag | 9,467 | Damaged |
| 27 June 1941 | Maasdam | Шаблон:Flag | 8,812 | Sunk |
| 27 June 1941 | Malaya II | Шаблон:Flag | 8,651 | Sunk |
| 29 June 1941 | Hekla | Шаблон:Flag | 1,215 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | Clonlara | Шаблон:Flag | 1,203 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | Empire Oak | Шаблон:Flag | 484 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | HMS Zinnia | Шаблон:Navy | 900 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Alhama | Шаблон:Flag | 1,352 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Ariosto | Шаблон:Flag | 2,176 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Carsbreck | Шаблон:Flag | 3,670 | Sunk |
| 11 February 1942 | Victolite | Шаблон:Flag | 11,410 | Sunk |
| 16 February 1942 | Opalia | Шаблон:Flag | 6,195 | Damaged |
| 3 May 1942 | Ocean Venus | Шаблон:Flag | 7,174 | Sunk |
| 4 May 1942 | Eclipse | Шаблон:Flag | 9,767 | Damaged |
| 5 May 1942 | Delisle | Шаблон:Flag | 3,478 | Damaged |
| 8 May 1942 | Ohioan | Шаблон:Flag | 6,078 | Sunk |
| 9 May 1942 | Lubrafol | Шаблон:Flag | 7,138 | Sunk |
| 14 May 1942 | Potrero del Llano | Шаблон:Flag | 4,000 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1942 | Empire Hawksbill | Шаблон:Flag | 5,724 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1942 | Lavington Court | Шаблон:Flag | 5,372 | Sunk |
| 19 August 1942 | British Consul | Шаблон:Flag | 6,940 | Sunk |
| 19 August 1942 | Empire Cloud | Шаблон:Flag | 5,969 | Sunk |
| 30 August 1942 | Vardaas | Шаблон:Flag | 8,176 | Sunk |
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:June 1943 shipwrecks
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