Английская Википедия:German submarine U-57 (1938)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-57 was a Type IIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that served in the Second World War. She was built by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 256. Ordered on 17 June 1937, she was laid down on 14 September, launched on 3 September 1938 and commissioned on 29 December under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Claus Korth.
U-56 was initially part of the 5th U-boat Flotilla during her training period, until 31 December 1939, when she was reassigned to the 1st U-boat Flotilla for operations. She carried out eleven war patrols, sinking eleven ships for a total Шаблон:GRT and one auxiliary warship of Шаблон:GRT; she also damaged two vessels totalling Шаблон:GRT; one ship was declared a total loss (Шаблон:GRT).
Design
German Type IIC submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-57 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was Шаблон:Convert, however.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of Шаблон:Convert for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-57 was fitted with three Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft gun]]. The boat had a complement of 25.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
First, second and third patrols
The boat's first patrol was brief and passed without incident. For her second sortie, she departed Kiel on 5 September 1939, but went no further than the Kattegat. Her third effort was as far as the waters separating Orkney and Shetland, but success continued to elude her.
Fourth and fifth patrols
It was more of the same for her fourth and fifth patrols, although her activity was centred more in the southern North Sea.
Sixth and seventh patrols
The submarine's luck changed for the better on her sixth foray, when she sank the Miranda about Шаблон:Convert northwest of Peterhead in Scotland on 20 January 1940.
Sally number seven began with the boat's departure from Wilhelmshaven on 8 February 1940. On the 14th, she attacked the Gretafield southeast of Noss Head. The burnt-out ship, which had been abandoned, drifted ashore at Dunbeath in Caithness. She broke in two and was declared a total loss.
U-57 was one of six U-boats that took part in Operation Nordmark; carrying out reconnaissance in the area of the Orkney and Shetland Islands for a subsequently unsuccessful sortie by the German capital ships Scharnhorst, Gneisenau and Admiral Hipper between 18 and 20 February 1940.
Eighth and ninth patrols
On her eighth patrol, also executed in the vicinity of Orkney, she sank the Daghestan Шаблон:Convert east of Copinsay, Orkney, on 25 March 1940.
Patrol number nine saw the boat sweeping the area of the North Sea off the English/Scottish borders, Orkney and Shetland and all points east, with no result.
Tenth patrol
U-57 had moved to Bergen in Norway; Шаблон:HMS, a British submarine, fired three torpedoes at the U-boat in the entrance to Kors fjord on 15 July 1940: they missed. On the 17th, she sank the O.A. Brodin Шаблон:Convert northwest of Noup Head in the Orkney Islands. She also successfully attacked the Manipur Шаблон:Convert northwest of Cape Wrath, (on the northern Scottish mainland). Her next victim was the Atos which went to the bottom in three minutes about Шаблон:Convert north of Malin Head (in Ireland)[1] on 3 August.
She then docked at the recently captured port of Lorient on the French Atlantic coast on 7 August.
11th patrol
Although her base had changed, the boat's area of operations had not. She damaged the Havildar Шаблон:Convert northeast of Malin Head on 24 August 1940 and sank the Cumberland but was unsuccessfully attacked by British warships the next day. As sort of a farewell gift, she sank the Pecten in the evening of the 25th; the ship went down in 90 seconds.
Training duties
Returning to Germany, she was relegated to duties as a training boat and sank after a collision with the Norwegian ship Rona at Brunsbüttel (northwest of Hamburg) on 3 September 1940 with the loss of six of her 25 crew members.[2] She was raised, repaired and returned to service in January 1941.
With the end of the war in sight, she was scuttled on 3 May 1945 at Kiel.
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 November 1939 | Kaunas | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,566 | Sunk |
| 19 November 1939 | Stanbrook | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,383 | Sunk |
| 13 December 1939 | Mina | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,173 | Sunk |
| 20 January 1940 | Miranda | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,328 | Sunk |
| 26 January 1940 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 8,240 | Sunk (mine) |
| 14 February 1940 | Gretafield | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,191 | Total loss |
| 21 February 1940 | Loch Maddy | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,996 | Damaged |
| 25 March 1940 | Daghestan | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,742 | Sunk |
| 17 July 1940 | Manipur | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,652 | Sunk |
| 17 July 1940 | O.A. Brodin | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,960 | Sunk |
| 3 August 1940 | Atos | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,161 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1940 | Cumberland | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,939 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1940 | Havildar | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,407 | Damaged |
| 24 August 1940 | Saint Dunstan | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,681 | Sunk |
| 25 August 1940 | Pecten | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,468 | Sunk |
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Шаблон:TypeIIsubmarine Шаблон:September 1940 shipwrecks Шаблон:May 1945 shipwrecks
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World – Third edition, revised 1995, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 10
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 13
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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