Английская Википедия:German submarine U-73 (1940)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-73 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down by Vegesacker Werft, Germany as yard number 1 on 5 November 1939, launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 30 September of the same year under Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Helmut Rosenbaum.[1]

U-73 carried out 15 patrols between early 1941 and late 1943, sinking eight ships and four warships. She also damaged a further three commercial vessels. She was part of five wolfpacks. She was sunk by two US warships, Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS, off the North African coast on 16 December 1943 at Шаблон:Coord.

Design

German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-73 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-73 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and one [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

First patrol

U-73 departed the Helgoland (also known as Heligoland) for her first patrol on 8 February 1941. Her route took her the length of the North Sea, through the 'gap' separating the Faroe and Shetland Islands, north-west toward Iceland, then south and west.Шаблон:Citation needed

She sank the Waynegate on 24 February 1941 south of Iceland.Шаблон:Citation needed

The boat arrived at Lorient, on the French Atlantic coast, on 2 March.Шаблон:Citation needed

Second patrol

U-73 sank three ships on the same day, 3 April 1941. They were: the Alderpool, the Westpool and the British Viscount, all in the vicinity of Iceland.Шаблон:Citation needed

Her next victim was Шаблон:SS on 20 April, southwest of Rockall; also lost when this ship went down were two launches which were being carried as deck cargo: ML-1003 and M-1037.Шаблон:Citation needed

Third, fourth and fifth patrols

These sorties were conducted in mid-Atlantic but were uneventful. On 26 May 1941, U-73 was ordered to help the wounded German battleship Bismarck which was under attack from British destroyers. On the night of 26 May U-73 spotted star shells that illuminated Bismarck and also saw the Bismarck firing her guns. But U-73 was unable to attack the destroyers due to Force 7 to 9 winds. U-73 reported the BismarckШаблон:'s position to Group West but the positions proved inaccurate. U-73 then returned to port in France.

Sixth patrol

U-73 entered the Mediterranean Sea via the heavily defended Straits of Gibraltar on 14 January 1942 during her sixth patrol.[2] Rosenbaum claimed to have sunk a destroyer in February, but post-war records offer no confirmation.[3] She docked at La Spezia in Italy on 12 February.

Seventh patrol

The submarine was attacked by a Bristol Blenheim of No. 203 Squadron RAF about Шаблон:Convert north northwest of Derna in Libya on 22 March 1942. The damage was such that the boat was unable to dive and had to return to La Spezia on 26 March 1942. The U-boat was under repair at La Spezia for four months.

Eighth patrol

On 11 August 1942 she sank the aircraft carrier Шаблон:HMS during Operation Pedestal (supplying Malta).[4] Rosenbaum was awarded the Knight's Cross and sent to command the Black Sea U-boat flotilla.[4]

Ninth patrol

First watch officer Horst Deckert was promoted to command U-73.[5] He was the son of German-American parents living in Chicago[5] and had joined U-73Шаблон:'s crew as a midshipman in 1940.[6] U-73 was depth-charged during an unsuccessful attack on Operation Torch (the invasion of French North Africa) troopships on 7 November.[7] On 10 November, U-73 missed the battleship Шаблон:HMS with four torpedoes launched at a range of five kilometers.[8]

She also damaged the Lalande off Oran on 14 November 1942. This ship was under repair until June 1943.

Tenth and eleventh patrols

U-73 was damaged in an air attack on 5 December 1942 and forced to return to base.

The boat was also attacked by a British Lockheed Hudson of 500 Squadron on 27 December 1942; damage was slight – the Hudson was shot down. She sank the 7,200-ton American Liberty ship SS Arthur Middleton from the convoy UGS 3 on 1 January 1943[9] Шаблон:Convert off Oran.

12th patrol

As allied forces prepared for Operation Husky (the invasion of Sicily), U-73 sank the 1,600-ton British freighter Brinkburn off Oran on 21 June 1943 and damaged the 8,300-ton Royal Navy oiler Шаблон:RFAux on 28 June 1943.[10] The Brinkburn exploded with such force that damaged food cans and two 75 mm shells, still in their transit boxes, were found on the U-boat's bridge.

The boat tied up at Toulon in France on 1 July 1943.

13th patrol

Patrol number thirteen took U-73 to Sicily; she reached the Straits of Messina (between the island and the Italian mainland),[11] on 19 August 1943.

14th patrol

U-73 was attacked by the British submarine Шаблон:HMS south-east of Toulon on 30 October 1943 (just before the end of her patrol). The torpedo missed.

15th patrol and loss

U-73 found the convoy GUS-24 off Oran on 16 December 1943 and torpedoed the 7,200-ton American Liberty ship SS John S. Copley.[12] As the damaged vessel returned to port, the destroyers Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS left Mers-el-Kebir to find the U-boat.[12] She was located by sonar at 18:15.[13] Hull turbulence made the U-boat's hydrophones ineffective at the speed U-73 was leaving the area, so she was unaware of the destroyers until WoolseyШаблон:'s pattern of depth charges exploded below the submarine at 18:39.[14] Sea water poured in between the bow torpedo tubes and from a salt water inlet valve for the diesel engine cooling system.[14] All ballast tanks were blown to bring U-73 to the surface as inflowing water exceeded pumping capacity.[14] U-73 surfaced in darkness at 19:27 and men manned the heavy machine guns.[14] The destroyers promptly detected her on radar and illuminated the submarine with searchlights.[15] She sank by the stern following a brief exchange of gunfire, 34 of the crew were rescued by 22:10.[14] Three of WoolseyШаблон:'s crew were wounded by machine gun fire[16] and sixteen of the U-boat crew perished.[12]

Wolfpacks

U-73 took part in five wolfpacks, namely:

  • West (31 May – 16 June 1941)
  • Kurfürst (16 – 20 June 1941)
  • Grönland (12 – 27 August 1941)
  • Reissewolf (21 – 31 October 1941)
  • Wal (10 – 15 November 1942)

Summary of raiding history

Файл:HMS Eagle sinking 1942.jpg
HMS Eagle sinking, 11 August 1942
Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Convoy Fate[17]
24 March 1941 Waynegate Шаблон:Flag 4,260 OB 288 Sunk
3 April 1941 Alderpool Шаблон:Flag 4,313 SC 26 Sunk
3 April 1941 British Viscount Шаблон:Flag 6,895 SC 26 Sunk
3 April 1941 Indier Шаблон:Flag 5,409 SC 26 Sunk
3 April 1941 Westpool Шаблон:Flag 5,724 SC 26 Sunk
20 April 1941 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 8,570 Sunk
20 April 1941 HMS ML 1003* Шаблон:Navy 46 Sunk
20 April 1941 HMS ML 1037* Шаблон:Navy 46 Sunk
11 August 1942 Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 22,600 WS 21S Sunk
14 November 1942 Lalande Шаблон:Flag 7,453 Operation Torch Damaged
1 January 1943 Arthur Middleton Шаблон:Flag 7,176 UGS 3 Sunk
1 January 1943 USS LCT-21** Шаблон:Navy 255 UGS 3 Sunk
21 June 1943 Brinkburn Шаблон:Flag 1,598 TE 22 Sunk
27 June 1943 Abbeydale Шаблон:Flag 8,299 XTG 2 Damaged
16 December 1943 John S. Copley Шаблон:Flag 7,176 GUS 24 Damaged
* Carried by Шаблон:SS
** Carried by Arthur Middleton

Sensors

Radar

U-73 was one of the few U-boats to be fitted with a FuMO 61 Hohentwiel U-Radar system. It was installed on the starboard side of the conning tower.

See also

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:December 1943 shipwrecks

Шаблон:Use dmy dates

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Lenton 1976 p. 151
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Blair 1996 p. 554
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Blair 1996 p. 650
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Blair 1996 p. 651
  6. ↑ Sanders, January 1969, p. 58
  7. ↑ Blair 1998 p. 96
  8. ↑ Blair 1998 p. 98
  9. ↑ Blair 1998 p. 209
  10. ↑ Blair 1998 pp. 377-378
  11. ↑ The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 16
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Blair 1998 p. 457
  13. ↑ Sanders, January 1969, p. 59
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 Sanders, January 1969, p. 62
  15. ↑ Sanders, January 1969, p. 61
  16. ↑ Sanders, January 1969 p. 60
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web


Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Note"/>

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:German_submarine_U-73_(1940)&oldid=14920765