Английская Википедия:German submarine U-77 (1940)

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German submarine U-77 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built by the Bremer Vulkan-Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack. Her keel was laid down on 28 March 1940, by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen-Vegesack, Germany as yard number 5. She was launched on 23 November 1940 and commissioned on 18 January 1941, with Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Schonder in command until 2 September 1942, when he was succeeded by Oblt.z.S. Otto Hartmann, who remained in charge until the U-boat's loss.^[1]

The boat was scuttled on 29 March 1943 off Calpe, Spain, after receiving heavy damage by two British aircraft.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-77 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-77 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

U-77 conducted 11 patrols, sinking 15 ships totalling Шаблон:GRT and 1,050 tons, damaging two others, totalling Шаблон:GRT. She also damaged two warships totalling 2,880 tons and caused two ship of Шаблон:GRT to be declared a total loss.^[1] She was a member of six wolfpacks.

First patrol

U-77 departed Kiel on 29 May 1941. Her route took in the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

She sank the Tresillian on 13 June southeast of Cape Race ( Newfoundland ). Using her deck gun, she fired 87 rounds, scoring 60-65 hits; but it needed a torpedo to administer the coup de grâce. She then sank the Arakaka, a weather ship, on the 22nd, Шаблон:Convert east of St. Johns. There were no survivors. It was a similar story with the Anna Bulgaris south of Cape Farewell, (Greenland).

U-77 docked in St. Nazaire in occupied France on 7 July.

Second and third patrols

The boat's second foray began with her departure from St. Nazaire on 2 August 1941, but despite covering large tracts of the Atlantic, she returned to the French base on 10 September empty-handed.

For her third sortie, U-77 once more found the cupboard bare west of Ireland and the Bay of Biscay. Nothing.

Fourth patrol

U-77Шаблон:'s next patrol was divided into two. Part one was into the Mediterranean. Leaving St. Nazaire on 10 December 1941, she slipped past the heavily defended Strait of Gibraltar and entered Messina in northeast Sicily on the 19th.

On the way, she sank Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Convert from Cape Trafalgar [before the Gibraltar experience], on the 15th.

Part two involved the boat's attack on the British destroyer Шаблон:HMS off Tobruk on 12 January 1942. The warship's stern was blown off, but she was towed to Alexandria for temporary repairs before more permanent restoration was carried out in Bombay. The ship returned to service in January 1944.

The submarine docked at Salamis in Greece on 14 January.

Fifth patrol

Late on 1 April 1942, U-77 was attacked by a Fairey Swordfish of No. 815 Squadron FAA, north-by-northeast of Sidi Barrani. The damage inflicted meant the boat was unable to dive. She returned to Salamis on the third.

Sixth patrol

Having moved to La Spezia in northwest Italy in April, U-77 departed the port for the initial portion of a two-part patrol on 6 June 1942. She sank the destroyer Шаблон:HMS north of Sollum on the 12th. This was during Operation Vigorous, [a supply convoy to Malta].

The U-boat was unsuccessfully attacked by Шаблон:HMS, a British T-class submarine, off what today is the Israeli coast on 4 July. (Note: there is some confusion over this incident as the U-boat's own page on 'uboat.net' also puts her further west on that day and does not mention an attack).

U-77 finished the patrol in Salamis on 9 July.

Seventh and eighth patrols

Departing Salamis on 16 July 1942, her only victory was the Greek sailing ship Vassilliki, which she sank with 10 rounds from the deck gun east of Cyprus on the 22nd.

In late August, the boat briefly moved to Pola (or Pula) in Croatia at the 'top' of the Adriatic, from where she sortied on 12 October 1942 before steaming to La Spezia once more on 1 November.

Ninth patrol

U-77 torpedoed the sloop Шаблон:HMS on 12 November 1942 but was attacked by the corvettes Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS the following day northeast of Algiers. The slightly damaged U-boat returned to La Spezia on 5 December.

Tenth patrol

U-77 sank two more ships - the Empire Banner and the Empire Webster, both on 7 February 1943 west of Algiers. She had departed La Spezia on 26 January and returned there on 10 February.

11th patrol and loss

Файл:Cuacos de Yuste - Cementerio Militar Aleman 19.jpg

German Military Cemetery in Cuacos de Yuste. In the foreground, the graves of two of members of the submarine crew. In 1983, all the German soldiers and sailors buried in Spain from the WWI and WWII were exhumed from their graves and buried in this cemetery. The corpses of the U-77 were taken from the cemetery of Alicante to their final resting place in Cuacos.

The boat departed La Spezia for the last time on 3 March 1943. On 28 March, U-77 was attacked by two British Lockheed Hudsons, V of No. 48 and L of No. 233 Squadron RAF, based in Gibraltar, which dropped depth charges, and heavily damaged U-77. At 01:15 the following day, 29 March, Hartmann ordered his crew off the boat, and scuttled it in position Шаблон:Coord east of Cartagena/Cape de Palos. Of the 47 crew members, nine survived the night and were picked up by Spanish fishing boats.Шаблон:Sfn

Wolfpacks

U-77 took part in six wolfpacks, namely:

West (6 – 20 June 1941)
Grönland (10 – 23 August 1941)
Kurfürst (23 August – 2 September 1941)
Seewolf (2 – 7 September 1941)
Reissewolf (21 – 31 October 1941)
Störtebecker (15 November – 2 December 1941)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[2]
13 June 1941	Tresillian	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,743	Sunk
22 June 1941	Arakaka	Шаблон:Flagcountry	2,379	Sunk
25 June 1941	Anna Bulgaris	Шаблон:Flag	4,603	Sunk
15 December 1941	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flagcountry	4,972	Sunk
12 January 1942	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	1,690	Damaged
12 June 1942	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	1,050	Sunk
22 July 1942	Vassiliki	Шаблон:Flag	140	Sunk
24 July 1942	Шаблон:SV	Шаблон:Flag	30	Sunk
30 July 1942	Fany	Шаблон:Flag	43	Sunk
1 August 1942	St. Simon	Шаблон:Flagicon Egypt	85	Sunk
6 August 1942	Adnan	Шаблон:Flag	155	Damaged
6 August 1942	Ezzet	Шаблон:Flag	158	Sunk
10 August 1942	Kharouf	Шаблон:Flag	158	Sunk
16 August 1942	Daniel	Шаблон:Flag	100	Sunk
20 August 1942	Mahrous	Шаблон:Flag	18	Sunk
12 November 1942	Шаблон:HMS	Шаблон:Navy	1,190	Damaged
7 February 1943	Шаблон:SS	Шаблон:Flagcountry	6,699	Sunk
7 February 1943	Empire Webster	Шаблон:Flagcountry	7,043	Sunk
16 March 1943	Hadleigh	Шаблон:Flagcountry	5,222	Total loss
16 March 1943	Merchant Prince	Шаблон:Flagcountry	5,229	Damaged
26 March 1943	City of Perth	Шаблон:Flagcountry	6,415	Total loss

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:March 1943 shipwrecks

Шаблон:Use dmy dates

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web

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[uboatnet-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[3] Шаблон:Cite web

[1]

[Note 1]

[2]

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