Английская Википедия:German submarine U-960
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record
German submarine U-960 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 20 March 1942 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 160, launched on 3 December 1942 and commissioned on 28 January 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Günther Heinrich.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-960 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-960 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and one twin [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 28 January 1943, followed by active service on 1 August 1943 as part of the 3rd Flotilla for the remainder of her service. In five patrols she sank two merchant ships, for a total of Шаблон:GRT, plus one auxiliary warship of 611 GRT.[1]
First patrol
In August 1943 U-960 carried out a patrol in the Barents Sea over a 15 day period, but had no success.
Second patrol
In September 1943 she was part of the U-boat group Wiking on patrol in the Kara Sea beyond Novaya Zemlya. At the end of the month she fell in with a Soviet convoy, VA-18 and sank two ships, the steamer Archangelsk and the naval trawler/minesweeper T-896.
Third patrol
In December 1943 she was transferred to La Pallice, making a 62 day patrol in the North Atlantic en route. She took part in four patrol lines during this period and had one success, sinking the freighter Sumner I. Kimball, which had fallen out of convoy ON 219. She arrived at La Pallice in March 1944.
Fourth patrol
Later that month U-960 was assigned to weather-reporting, but was recalled after a few days. On returning under escort and in company with U-763 the flotilla was attacked by Tsetse Mosquito aircraft; U-960 suffered 14 casualties.[2]
Fifth and final patrol
In April U-960 was transferred to the Mediterranean, passing the Straits of Gibraltar on 9 May. On 17 May she spotted the destroyer Шаблон:USS and fired three torpedoes, which missed. This sparked a massive hunt involving a hunter-killer group of five destroyers and aircraft from two RAF squadrons. After a 42 hour hunt U-960 was forced to the surface and sunk.[1]
Wolfpacks
U-960 took part in five wolfpacks, namely:[1]
- Wiking (20 September – 3 October 1943)
- Coronel 1 (15 – 17 December 1943)
- Amrum (18 – 23 December 1943)
- Rügen 4 (23 – 28 December 1943)
- Rügen 3 (28 – 31 December 1943)
Fate
U-960 was sunk on 19 May 1944 in the Mediterranean NW of Algiers, in position Шаблон:Coord following a 42 hour "hunt to exhaustion". Following her attack on Ellyson on 17 May U-960 was pursued by a group of five US destroyers (Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS), assisted by aircraft of 36 and 500 Squadrons, in a "Swamp" operation. U-960 lay low during the daytime but late on 17 May she surfaced to recharge batteries: she was sighted and forced under but early on 18 May was able to surface and re-charge batteries. During the next day U-960 evaded detection but in the early hours of 19 May she was spotted again on the surface by a Wellington of 36 Squadron which called in destroyers Niblack and Ludlow. These carried out a series of depth-charge attacks over a four hour period, assisted also by a Ventura of 500 Squadron: U-960 was forced to the surface and abandoned. 20 of her 51 crew were saved.[3][4][5]
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 September 1943 | Arkhangel’sk | Шаблон:Flag | 2,480 | Sunk |
| 1 October 1943 | T-896 (No 42) | Шаблон:Navy | 611 | Sunk |
| 16 January 1944 | Sumner I. Kimball | Шаблон:Flag | 7,176 | Sunk |
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Blair, Clay (1998) Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II:The Hunted 1942-1945 Cassell. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Kemp, Paul ( 1997) U-Boats Destroyed Arms & Armour. Шаблон:ISBN
- Niestle, Axel (1998) German U-Boat Losses during World War II Greenhill Books. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:May 1944 shipwrecks
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