Английская Википедия:German submarine U-97 (1940)

German submarine U-97 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during the Second World War. She carried out thirteen patrols during her career, sinking sixteen ships and damaging a seventeenth. She was a member of two wolfpacks.

U-97 was sunk on 16 June 1943 while operating in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Haifa.^[1] She was depth charged by an Australian light bomber.

Construction and deployment

U-97 was laid down at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 602. She was launched on 15 August 1940 and commissioned on 28 September under the command of Kapitänleutnant Udo Heilmann.

Serving with the 7th U-boat Flotilla, U-97 completed training in late 1940 and early 1941 before commencing operations.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-97 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-97 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and a [[2 cm FlaK 30|Шаблон:Convert C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

First patrol

The boat's first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 17 February 1941. Her route took her across the North Sea and through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

She sank three ships on the 24th; Mansepool, Jonathon Holt, both southwest of the Faroe Islands and British Gunner Шаблон:Convert northwest of Cape Wrath (northern Scotland). Among those lost in the sinking of the Jonathon Holt was the travel writer Robert Byron.^[2] The Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMS had ordered the crew of British Gunner to abandon their vessel even though the master had said the ship could be towed to safety.

The U-boat then damaged G.C. Brøvig. The Norwegian tanker was a victim of U-97Шаблон:'s third attack on Convoy OB 289. The torpedo strike caused her to lose her bow, but the bulkhead held and the engines remained usable. With assistance from HMS Petunia, she arrived at Stornoway (in the Outer Hebrides),^[3] on 27 February. She was subsequently repaired and returned to service.

The patrol was somewhat marred when a crew-member was lost overboard on 3 March. The submarine docked at Lorient in occupied France on 7 March.

Second patrol

U-97 sank three more ships between Cape Farewell (Greenland)^[4] and southern Ireland in March and April 1941. They were: Chama and Hørda (on 23 and 24 March respectively) and Conus on 4 April. There were no survivors from Hørda or Conus.

Third and fourth patrols

The boat sank Шаблон:HMS, an Elders & Fyffes banana boat that had been requisitioned as an Ocean Boarding Vessel and Sangro, west southwest of Cape Clear (southern Ireland)^[5] on 6 May 1941. On 8 May she struck again, sinking Ramillies southeast of Cape Farewell.

Sortie number four was relatively uneventful, starting from St. Nazaire on 2 July 1941 and terminating in the same port on 8 August.

Fifth patrol

Departing St. Nazaire on 20 September 1941, U-97 went south, slipped past the heavily guarded British base at Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean. She sank Pass of Balmaha Шаблон:Convert west of Alexandria on 17 October. The merchant ship had been part of the fourth convoy of Operation Cultivate, the relief of Tobruk. She also sank Samos on the same day.

An accident which left the IIWO (second watch officer) badly injured on 24 October forced the boat to cut her patrol short. She arrived at Salamis in Greece on the 27th.

Sixth and seventh patrols

Human frailties also came to the fore during the boat's sixth patrol when, having crossed the Aegean Sea towards Turkey, she was obliged by a sick crew-member, on 7 January 1942, to return to Salamis on the ninth.

The submarine's seventh patrol started and finished in Salamis.

Eighth and ninth patrols

Having moved to La Spezia in northwest Italy in February, U-97 was attacked by a Sunderland flying boat of No. 230 Squadron RAF off the North African coast. The aircraft dropped five bombs on the boat, but caused no damage.

Patrol number nine continued the shuttle-sequence between Salamis and La Spezia.

Tenth patrol

The situation improved for the crew when they sank Zealand and Memos Шаблон:Convert southwest of Haifa on 28 June 1942. The Marilyese Moller went to the bottom on 1 July about Шаблон:Convert west of Rafah^[6] in Palestine. The armed trawler HMS Burra reacted with three depth charges, but was unsuccessful.

11th and 12th patrols

These patrols began in Salamis and La Spezia; the latter finished in Pola (now Pula) in Croatia in May 1943.

13th patrol and loss

U-97Шаблон:'s final patrol started with her departure from Pola on 5 June 1943. She sank Palima Шаблон:Convert south southwest of Beirut on the 12th. She was also successful against Athelmonarch northwest of Jaffa on the 15th.

The U-boat was sunk by a Lockheed Hudson of 459 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force on 16 June 1943 west of Haifa. Twenty-seven men died, there were twenty-one survivors.

Wolfpacks

U-97 took part in two wolfpacks, namely.

West (8 – 27 May 1941)
Goeben (20 – 29 September 1941)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[7]
24 February 1941	British Gunner	Шаблон:Flag	6,894	Sunk
24 February 1941	G.C. Brøvig	Шаблон:Flag	9,718	Damaged
24 February 1941	Johnathon Holt	Шаблон:Flag	4,973	Sunk
24 February 1941	Mansepool	Шаблон:Flag	4,894	Sunk
24 March 1941	Chama	Шаблон:Flag	8,077	Sunk
24 March 1941	Hørda	Шаблон:Flag	4,301	Sunk
4 April 1941	Conus	Шаблон:Flag	8,132	Sunk
6 May 1941	HMS Camito	Шаблон:Navy	6,833	Sunk
6 May 1941	Sangro	Шаблон:Flag	6,466	Sunk
8 May 1941	Ramilles	Шаблон:Flag	4,553	Sunk
17 October 1941	Pass of Balmaha	Шаблон:Flag	758	Sunk
17 October 1941	Samos	Шаблон:Flag	1,208	Sunk
28 June 1942	Memas	Шаблон:Flag	1,755	Sunk
28 June 1942	Zealand	Шаблон:Flag	1,433	Sunk
1 July 1942	Marilyse Moller	Шаблон:Flag	786	Sunk
12 June 1943	Palima	Шаблон:Flag	1,179	Sunk
15 June 1943	Athelmonarch	Шаблон:Flag	8,995	Sunk

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:June 1943 shipwrecks

Шаблон:Coord

↑ The Times Atlas of the World, Third edition, revised 1995, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 45
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ The Times Atlas of the World p. 8
↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 55
↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 9
↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 45
↑ Шаблон:Cite web

Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Note"/>

[1] The Times Atlas of the World, Third edition, revised 1995, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 45

[2] Шаблон:Cite web

[3] The Times Atlas of the World p. 8

[4] The Times Atlas of the World, p. 55

[5] The Times Atlas of the World, p. 9

[6] The Times Atlas of the World, p. 45

[8] Шаблон:Cite web

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[Note 1]

[7]

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