Английская Википедия:German submarine U-99 (1940)

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German submarine U-99 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 31 March 1939 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 593. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire.

U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of Шаблон:GRT of Allied shipping in eight patrols. She damaged five more ships and took one vessel as a prize. U-99 was sunk on 17 March 1941 by British destroyer HMS Walker while attacking convoy HX 112.

Design

German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-99 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-99 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and one [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

From April to June 1940, the crew of U-99 were under training, based at Kiel and St. Nazaire.

First patrol

On 18 June, U-99 departed Kiel for operations in the North Sea west of Norway. An Arado Ar-196 seaplane from the German battlecruiser Шаблон:Ship attacked her, having mistaken her for a British submarine. Two days later, U-99 was attacked by two aircraft; minor damage was inflicted.[1] She returned to Kiel on 25 June.

Second patrol

U-99 departed Wilhelmshaven on 27 June to patrol southwest of Ireland. On 29 June, she was attacked by British aircraft. A crash dive was carried out with the result that the boat hit the seabed, causing some damage which was able to be repaired.[1] On this patrol U-99 sank six ships and captured one, the Estonian Шаблон:GRT cargo steamship Merisaar, carrying a load of timber from New Orleans, to Cork, Ireland.)[2] An attack on the Шаблон:GRT Шаблон:SS was called off on 7 July, when the defensively equipped merchant ship returned fire.[3] On 8 July, over 100 depth charges were dropped by the escorts of Convoy HX 53, but U-99 escaped undamaged.[1] The patrol ended on 21 July.

Файл:SS Merisaar's lifeboat approaching U-99.jpeg
Painting of MerisaarШаблон:'s lifeboat approaching U-99 on 12 July 1940
Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate
5 July 1940 Magog Шаблон:Flag 2,053 Sunk
7 July 1940 Bissen Шаблон:Flag 1,514 Sunk
Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 5,360 Escaped
Sea Glory Шаблон:Flag 1,964 Sunk
8 July 1940 Humber Arm Шаблон:Flag 5,758 Sunk
12 July 1940 Ia Шаблон:Flag 4,860 Sunk
Merisaar* Шаблон:Flag 2,136 Captured as prize
18 July 1940 Woodbury Шаблон:Flag 4,434 Sunk

† Convoy HX 52, ‡ Convoy HX 53, * sunk by German bombing, 15 July 1940

Third patrol

On 25 July, U-99 departed Lorient for the North Atlantic. Four ships were sunk and three others damaged. On the 31st, the escorts of Convoy OB 191 dropped 20 depth charges on the boat without effect. Later that evening, a flying boat also attacked her, again without causing any damage.[1] The patrol ended on 5 August.

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
28 July 1940 Auckland Star Шаблон:Flag 13,212 Sunk
29 July 1940 Clan Menzies Шаблон:Flag 7,336 Sunk
31 July 1940 Jamaica Progress Шаблон:Flag 5,475 Sunk
Jersey City Шаблон:Flag 6,322 Sunk
2 August 1940 Alexia †, ‡ Шаблон:Flag 8,016 Damaged
Lucerna †, ‡ Шаблон:Flag 6,556 Damaged
Strinda †, ‡ Шаблон:Flag 10,973 Damaged

† Convoy OB 191, ‡ Damaged

Fourth patrol

U-99 departed Lorient on 4 September for the North Atlantic; seven ships were sunk. The patrol ended on the 25th. U-99 was slightly damaged in an air raid on Lorient on 27 September.[1]

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
11 September 1940 Albionic Шаблон:Flag 2,468 Sunk
15 September 1940 Kenordoc Шаблон:Flag 1,780 Sunk
16 September 1940 Lotos Шаблон:Flag 1,327 Sunk
17 September 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 2,372 Sunk
21 September 1940 Baron Blythswood * Шаблон:Flag 3,668 Sunk
Elmbank * Шаблон:Flag 5,156 Sunk
Invershannon* Шаблон:Flag 9,154 Sunk

† Convoy SC 3, ‡ Convoy HX 71, * Convoy HX 72

Fifth patrol

On 13 October, U-99 departed Lorient to patrol the North West Approaches. Six ships from Convoy SC 7 were sunk and another was damaged. The patrol ended on 22 October.

Файл:StateLibQld 1 141011 Hannington Court (ship).jpg
Empire Brigade
Файл:Laurentic2.jpg
Postcard of Laurentic
Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
18 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 6,055 Sunk
Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 4,815 Sunk
Niritos Шаблон:Flag 3,854 Sunk
19 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 3,106 Damaged
Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 5,154 Sunk
Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 1,643 Sunk
Thalia Шаблон:Flag 5,875 Sunk

Sixth patrol

U-99 departed Lorient for the North West Approaches on 30 October 1940; four ships were sunk. The patrol ended on 8 November.

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
3 November 1940 Casanare Шаблон:Flag 5,376 Sunk
Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 18,724 Sunk
4 November 1940 HMS Patroclus Шаблон:Navy 11,314 Sunk
5 November 1940 Scottish Maiden Шаблон:Flag 6,993 Sunk

† Convoy HX 83

Seventh patrol

On 27 November, U-99 departed Lorient for the North Atlantic. Four ships were sunk. The patrol ended on 12 December.

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
2 December 1940 Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 16,402 Sunk
Samnanger Шаблон:Flag 4,276 Sunk
3 December 1940 Conch Шаблон:Flag 8,376 Sunk
7 December 1940 Farmsum Шаблон:Flag 5,237 Sunk

Convoy HX 90, ‡ Convoy OB 252

Eighth patrol

U-99 departed Lorient on 22 February 1941 to patrol in the North Atlantic; eight ships were sunk. U-99 was attacked herself, with severe damage inflicted. Kretschmer surrendered and scuttled the submarine with the loss of three lives.

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) Fate
7 March 1941 Athelbeach Шаблон:Flag 6,568 Sunk
Terje Viken Шаблон:Flag 20,638 Sunk
16 March 1941 Beduin Шаблон:Flag 8,136 Sunk
Ferm Шаблон:Flag 6,593 Sunk
Franche-Comté Шаблон:Flag 9,314 Damaged
J. B. White Шаблон:Flag 7,375 Sunk
Korshamn Шаблон:Flag 6,673 Sunk
Venetia Шаблон:Flag 5,728 Sunk

Convoy OB 293, ‡ Convoy HX 112

Fate

On 17 March 1941, U-99 had just fired the last of her torpedoes and sunk Korshamn when the Watch Officer spotted a destroyer, southeast of Iceland in approximate position Шаблон:Coord. He immediately ordered a dive, contrary to Kretschmer's standing orders,Шаблон:Sfn but once the boat was under it was quickly fixed on ASDIC and attacked by Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. U-99 was driven deep by the attack but was nonetheless severely damaged. Kretschmer had no choice but to surface; immediately a barrage of fire greeted the boat. Kretschmer sent a message to Donald Macintyre, WalkerШаблон:'s captain, "CAPTAIN TO CAPTAIN. I AM SUNKING [sic] PLEASE RESCUE MY CREW."Шаблон:Sfn He then ordered that the boat should be scuttled. Forty crew, including Kretschmer, were rescued to become POWs. Three crewmen – the engineering-officer and two ratings – lost their lives.[4] The engineering officer re-entered the sinking U-boat and perished while opening the galley hatch, to hasten the boat's sinking and prevent the British from boarding it.[5]

Macintyre took Kretschmer's binoculars as a souvenir. But in 1955, he gave them back to Kretschmer.

Wolfpack operations

U-99 operated with the following Wolfpacks during her career:

  • Wolfpack 1 (20 – 22 September 1940)
  • Wolfpack 2 (17 – 19 October 1940)

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate[6]
5 July 1940 Magog Шаблон:Flag 2,053 Sunk
7 July 1940 Sea Glory Шаблон:Flag 1,964 Sunk
7 July 1940 Bissen Шаблон:Flag 1,514 Sunk
8 July 1940 Humber Arm Шаблон:Flag 5,758 Sunk
12 July 1940 Ia Шаблон:Flag 4,860 Sunk
12 July 1940 Merisaar Шаблон:Flag 2,136 Captured as prize
18 July 1940 Woodbury Шаблон:Flag 4,434 Sunk
28 July 1940 Auckland Star Шаблон:Flag 13,212 Sunk
29 July 1940 Clan Menzies Шаблон:Flag 7,336 Sunk
31 July 1940 Jamaica Progress Шаблон:Flag 5,475 Sunk
31 July 1940 Jersey City Шаблон:Flag 6,322 Sunk
2 August 1940 Strinda Шаблон:Flag 10,973 Damaged
2 August 1940 Lucerna Шаблон:Flag 6,556 Damaged
2 August 1940 Alexia Шаблон:Flag 8,016 Damaged
11 September 1940 Albionic Шаблон:Flag 2,468 Sunk
15 September 1940 Kenordoc Шаблон:Flag 1,780 Sunk
16 September 1940 Lotos Шаблон:Flag 1,327 Sunk
17 September 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 2,372 Sunk
21 September 1940 Invershannon Шаблон:Flag 9,154 Sunk
21 September 1940 Baron Blythswood Шаблон:Flag 3,668 Sunk
21 September 1940 Elmbank Шаблон:Flag 5,156 Sunk
18 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 6,055 Sunk
18 October 1940 Niritos Шаблон:Flag 3,854 Sunk
18 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 4,815 Sunk
19 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 5,154 Sunk
19 October 1940 Thalia Шаблон:Flag 5,875 Sunk
19 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 1,643 Sunk
19 October 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flag 3,106 Damaged
3 November 1940 Casanare Шаблон:Flag 5,376 Sunk
3 November 1940 Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 18,724 Sunk
4 November 1940 HMS Patroclus Шаблон:Navy 11,314 Sunk
5 November 1940 Scottish Maiden Шаблон:Flag 6,993 Sunk
2 December 1940 Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 16,402 Sunk
2 December 1940 Samnanger Шаблон:Flag 4,276 Sunk
3 December 1940 Conch Шаблон:Flag 8,376 Sunk
7 December 1940 Farmsum Шаблон:Flag 5,237 Sunk
7 March 1941 Terje Viken Шаблон:Flag 20,638 Sunk
7 March 1941 Athelbeach Шаблон:Flag 6,568 Sunk
16 March 1941 Beduin Шаблон:Flag 8,136 Sunk
16 March 1941 Franche-Comté Шаблон:Flag 9,314 Damaged
16 March 1941 J. B. White Шаблон:Flag 7,375 Sunk
16 March 1941 Korshamn Шаблон:Flag 6,673 Sunk
16 March 1941 Venetia Шаблон:Flag 5,728 Sunk
16 March 1941 Ferm Шаблон:Flag 6,593 Sunk

See also

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:March 1941 shipwrecks

Шаблон:Use dmy dates


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