Английская Википедия:German torpedo boat T21
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsThe German torpedo boat T21 was one of nine Type 37 torpedo boats built for the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) during World War II. Completed in mid-1942, she was transferred to Norway in March 1943 for escort duties. The ship returned to Germany in October and was assigned to the Torpedo School. T21 returned to active duty in May 1944 and supported German forces operating in the Baltic Sea. The boat began a major refit in December which had not been completed when the war ended in May 1945. She was allocated to the United States after the war, but was only used to dispose of gas munitions by scuttling her in deep water in 1946.
Design and description
The Type 37 torpedo boat was a slightly improved version of the preceding Type 35 with better range.[1] The boats had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert and were Шаблон:Convert long at the waterline.[2] The ships had a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a mean draft of Шаблон:Convert at deep load. They displaced Шаблон:Convert at standard load and Шаблон:Convert at deep load.[3] Their crew numbered 119 officers and sailors.[4] Their pair of geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller shaft, were designed to produce Шаблон:Convert using steam from four high-pressure water-tube boilers[2] which was intended to give the boats a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert. They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.[3]
As built, the Type 37s mounted a single [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|Шаблон:Cvt SK C/32]] gun on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a single [[3.7 cm SK C/30|Шаблон:Cvt SK C/30]] anti-aircraft gun superfiring over the 10.5 cm gun and a pair of [[2 cm FlaK 30/38/Flakvierling|Шаблон:Cvt C/30]] guns on the bridge wings. They carried six above-water Шаблон:Cvt torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships and could also carry 30 mines (or 60 if the weather was good).[5]
Modifications
Early-war modifications were limited to the conversion of the foremast into a tripod mast, installation of a FuMO 28Шаблон:Refn radar with fixed antennas angled 45° to each side. Quadruple 2 cm gun mounts began slowly replacing the 3.7 cm gun beginning in May 1942 as the ships were refitted. Another quadruple 2 cm mount had been fitted on the searchlight platform amidships in T21 by 1944. In September, installation of a single 3.7 cm gun was ordered, either the Flak M42 or the Flak M43, in lieu of the aft torpedo tubes, in all surviving boats, but it is uncertain if this was actually carried out. Some ships did receive additional [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Шаблон:Convert Bofors guns]]. They all received twin 2 cm gun mounts that replaced the single mounts in the bridge wings. Before the end of the war, all of the surviving boats probably had at least two 3.7 cm or 4 cm guns aboard.[6]
Construction and career
T21 was ordered on 5 October 1938 from Schichau, laid down at their Elbing, East Prussia, shipyard on 27 March 1939[7] as yard number 1448,[2] launched on 2 November 1940 and commissioned on 11 July 1942. On 1–3 October, the ship conducted exercises in the Baltic with the battleship Шаблон:Ship, the light cruisers Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship, the destroyers Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship, her sisters T13, Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship and the torpedo boats Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship. On 7 March 1943, T21, Шаблон:Ship, T20 and the torpedo boats Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship, joined the escorts for Scharnhorst on her voyage to the Arctic in the Skaggerak, although bad weather forced them to put into Bergen, Norway. T21 and T20 were then part of the escort force for the battleships Шаблон:Ship and Scharnhorst and the heavy cruiser Lützow as they sailed from Narvik, Norway, to the Altafjord on 22–24 March.[8]
The ship returned to Germany in October and was assigned to the Torpedo School until April 1944 when she returned to active duty supporting German forces in the Baltic. T21 began a refit at the Oderwerke shipyard in Stettin in August that lasted until September. During 10–15 October, the 3rd Torpedo Boat Flotilla, with T21, T16, T20 and T13, screened Lützow and the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship as they bombarded advancing Soviet troops near Memel, Lithuania. Screened by the 2nd and 3rd Torpedo Boat Flotillas with (Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, T13, T16, Шаблон:Ship and T21), Prinz Eugen and the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship shelled Soviet positions during the evacuation of Sworbe, on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, between 20 and 24 November. In December T21 began a major refit in Elbing, but the shipyard was threatened by advancing Soviet forces in February 1945 and she was towed to the Deschimag shipyard in Bremen on the 4th. The ship was decommissioned on 22 April. T21 was allocated to the United States when the Allies divided the surviving ships of the Kriegsmarine amongst themselves in late 1945. She was cannibalized for spare parts, loaded up with poison gas ammunition and scuttled in the Skaggerak on 10 June 1946.Шаблон:Refn[9]
Notes
Citations
References
- ↑ Whitley 1991, p. 50
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Gröner, p. 193
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Whitley 1991, p. 202
- ↑ Sieche, p. 238
- ↑ Whitley 1991, pp. 50–51; Whitley 2000, p. 71
- ↑ Whitley 2000, pp. 72–73
- ↑ Whitley 1991, p. 211
- ↑ Rohwer, pp. 199, 236, 240; Whitley, pp. 164–165, 211
- ↑ Rohwer, pp. 361, 363, 373–374; Whitley, pp. 168, 171, 173, 188, 194, 211
