Английская Википедия:Getelands
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:One source
Getelands (Шаблон:IPA-nl, Шаблон:Lang-li Шаблон:IPA-li)Шаблон:Fix or West Getelands (Шаблон:Lang-nl Шаблон:IPA-nl, Шаблон:Lang-li Шаблон:IPA-li)Шаблон:Fix is a South Brabantian dialect spoken in the eastern part of Flemish Brabant as well as the western part of Limburg in Belgium. It is a transitional dialect between South Brabantian and West Limburgish.
The dialect is named after the river Gete. It is an endangered language.
Characteristics
The first person singular pronoun is typically the Limburgish ich, instead of Brabantian/Standard Dutch ik. The diminutive forms are formed as in Limburgish, using the umlaut. In Truierlands (sometimes called East Getelands), the plural is also formed by using the umlaut (Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA vs. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA), in contrast to Getelands plurals formed the Standard Dutch way (Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA vs. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA). Both dialects share the lack of pitch accent found in most varieties of Limburgish.
Word accent in the Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect shows phonetic features of accent 2 (the dragging tone) of the neighboring West Limburgish dialects.Шаблон:Sfnp
Phonology
Шаблон:See also This section shows the phonology of the Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect, which is spoken in the Linter municipality. The dialect of Melkwezer has a similar phonology, except for the fact that the diphthong Шаблон:IPA is realized with a mid onset: Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is restricted to word-initial position, and occurs only in loanwords from French. It tends to either devoice to Шаблон:IPAblink or be affricated to Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The exact place of articulation of Шаблон:IPA varies:
- Velar Шаблон:IPA before and after back vowels and, in the case of Шаблон:IPA, also when it is preceded by a back vowel in an intervocalic position between stressed and unstressed syllable.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Palatal Шаблон:IPA before and after front vowels and, in the case of Шаблон:IPA, also after Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA may be dropped by some speakers.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA has a few possible realizations, none of which are uvular. This stands in contrast to most varieties of Limburgish, where Шаблон:IPA is a uvular trill or fricative.
- Apical trill Шаблон:IPAblink or an apical fricative Шаблон:IPAblink before a stressed vowel in word-initial syllables.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Intervocalically and in the onset after a consonant, it may be a tap Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Word-final Шаблон:IPA is highly variable; the most frequent variants are an apical fricative trill Шаблон:IPAblink, an apical fricative Шаблон:IPAblink and an apical non-sibilant affricate Шаблон:IPAblink. The last two variants tend to be voiceless (Шаблон:IPA) in pre-pausal position.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The sequence Шаблон:IPA can be vocalized to Шаблон:IPAblink or Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Peters gives six more diphthongs, which are Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp He gives no evidence for their phonemic status. As Brabantian dialects are known for both diphthongizing Шаблон:IPA and especially monophthongizing Шаблон:IPA, the distinction between the closing diphthongs and the monophthongs is ignored elsewhere in the article, with Шаблон:Angbr IPA being used as cover symbols for both.
- The open central vowels are phonologically back in that they trigger the velar allophones of Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA.
- Among the long rounded vowels, Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA within the same syllable vary between monophthongs Шаблон:IPA and centering diphthongs Шаблон:IPA, which often are disyllabic Шаблон:IPA (with the first portion realized as a closing diphthong). At least in the case of Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA, the tongue movement may be so slight that they are sometimes better described as lip-diphthongs Шаблон:IPA. In the same environment, Шаблон:IPA can be disyllabic Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp For the sake of simplicity, those allophones are transcribed Шаблон:IPA in phonetic transcription.
- There are two additional short tense vowels Шаблон:IPAblink and Шаблон:IPAblink, which are tenser (higher and perhaps also more rounded) than the native short Шаблон:IPA (with the latter being Шаблон:IPAblink phonetically). They appear only in a few French loanwords. Their status as phonemes separate from the long tense Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA is unclear; Peters treats them as marginal phonemes.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA occurs only before alveolar consonants. Phonetically, it varies between Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Stressed short vowels cannot occur in open syllables. Exceptions to this rule are high-frequency words like wa Шаблон:IPA 'what' and loanwords from French.Шаблон:Sfnp
References
Bibliography
- Belemans, R.; Keulen, R. (2004): Taal in stad en land. Belgisch-Limburgs: 25
- Belemans, R.; Kruijsen, J.; Van Keymeulen, J. (1998): Gebiedsindeling van de zuidelijk-Nederlandse dialecten, Taal en Tongval jg 50, 1 online
- Goossens, J. (1965): Die Gliederung des Südniederfränkischen, in Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter, 30: 79-94.
- Pauwels, J.L.; Morren, L. (1960): De grens tussen het Brabants en Limburgs in België. In: Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 27. blz. 88-96.
- Шаблон:Citation
- Stevens, A. (1978): Struktuur en historische ondergrond van het Haspengouws taallandschap (Mededelingen van de Vereniging voor Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde, Nr. 9). Hasselt
