Английская Википедия:Gettysburg Electric Railway

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The Gettysburg Electric Railway was a borough trolley that provided summer access to Gettysburg Battlefield visitor attractions such as military engagement areas, monuments, postbellum camps, and recreation areas (e.g., Wheat-field Park and the Pfeffer baseball diamond). Despite the 1896 Supreme Court ruling under the Takings Clause against the railway, battlefield operations continued until 1916. The trolley generating plant was leased by the Electric Light, Heat, and Power Company of Gettysburg to supply streetlights and homes until electricity was imported from Hanover.

The 94-passenger, 14-bench "Brill double-truck summer cars" used the main line of Шаблон:Convert on 10-minute intervals and were powered by a Шаблон:Convert electric plant with Шаблон:Convert Corliss steam engine(s) driving 500 volt Westinghouse railway generator(s). Employees included superintendent Hal J. Gintling, managers Thomas P. Turner & Harry Cunningham; crewmen Charles W Culp Jr, Mr. Grinder, William Shields, George Hughes, Norman Murray, Reuben Rupp, Walter Plank, Harry Robinson; conductors John Thomas, William G. Weaver, & Edward Weikert; and motormen Warfield Collins, Mr. Emmons, Gervus W. Myers, Arthur "Ott" Shields, & S. A. Troxell.

History

Файл:The street railway review (1891) (14573162087).jpg

Network map upon opening, as published in Oct.1893.

The Gettysburg Electric Railway Company was chartered August 4, 1891, and incorporated July 28, 1892. In January 1893 the borough of Gettysburg granted trolley right-of-way for all principal streets, and the $150,000 bond was for street operations planned for July 1, 1893.Шаблон:Failed verification The railway eventually secured rights-of-way for a route west and north of the borough to the area of the Battle of Gettysburg, First Day; but which were never built.

Railbed construction began in April 1893, and the electric power company was chartered on June 15. Tracks were planned along The Angle's stone wall, but instead the trolley used Шаблон:Convert of the Emmitsburg Road on which trolleys crossed the Round Top Branch (the trolley was denied right-of-way on the steam train line in both 1893 and 1913.) Beginning April 1, 1894, the trolley was extended from Wible's Woods through Tipton Station to Round Top Station (the line had 7 stops).Шаблон:Where A new trolley powerhouse of Hummelstown brownstone replaced the original which had burned down by January 22, 1895; and by October 1895 total trackage was Шаблон:Convert. The 1896 Supreme Court ruled in US v. Gett. Elec. Ry. Co. that the use of eminent domain for historic preservation "seems" to be "a public use".

Accidents and incidents

In 1900, the trolley overhead power line broke at Wible's Woods, and a car derailed in 1901 (trolley machinery was improved in 1902 before Camp Lawton). Events in 1903 included an attempted derailment by sabotage, a moterman struck his head against "an electric pole that was close to the track", and the "Slocum" trolley car jumped the tracks on April 27. A 1904 trolley struck Joseph Keagy, and during both 1904 and the 1908 Camp Hays, lightning storms disabled trolley operations (a Major was struck getting on a car). In 1909 the "Reynolds" car collided with an automobile, and on August 12, 1910, a car struck a mounted Camp Gobin lieutenant. Three days later the "Slocum" and 1909 closed "Sedgwick" cars collided (1 fatality) near Devil's Den where there was a siding. A heated winter car with a closed vestibule was acquired in December 1910. During the July 1913 Gettysburg reunion, 2 trolley cars collided near Devil's Den, and in September a trolley in the borough was rear-ended when a "drunken passenger" pulled the brake cable.

The last trolley car ran in November 1916 when the railway had become obsolete both with disrepair and with increased tourists' use of automobiles on Army-improved battlefield avenues. After 1917 Army appropriations, the tracks were removed by summer crews under foreman Hugh McIlhenny; and plans for trolley extensions from Gettysburg were never completed to several cities:

• west to the Chambersburg & Caledonia trolley line
• north to Carlisle via the Mt. Holly and Gettysburg Street Railway Co (Mt. Holly Trolley Co.),
• northeast to Harrisburg via the Dillsburg, York Springs and Gettysburg Street Railway, and south through Whitehall to connect both
• east to Philadelphia via the Littlestown line through Hanover (cf. Hanover and McSherrystown Street Railway) and
• south to Baltimore via Union Mills, Maryland.

Baltimore Pike-to-Round Top route
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Intersections & Curves	Coordinates
Baltimore Pike @ Evergreen Cem.	Шаблон:Coord
curve east of Taneytown Road	Шаблон:Coord
south curve on Taneytown Rd	Шаблон:Coord
original GNMP gate	Шаблон:Convert along PA 134
"back gate", National Cemetery	Шаблон:Coord
curve NE of Zeigler's Grove
curve N of the Brian House
Emmitsburg Rd "Y of the trolly"	Шаблон:Coord
parallel trolley tracks
Round Top Branch	Шаблон:Coord
Spangler switch (tract 17)	a curve was near the Spangler lane
Peach Orchard curve	@ Emmitsburg & Wheatfield roads
curve S from Wheatfield Road	Шаблон:Coord
Wm Wible's "Wheat-field Park"	Шаблон:Convert
curve near 118th PA monument
De Trobriand Avenue	Шаблон:Coord
Rose Run	Шаблон:Coord
Brooke Avenue	Шаблон:Coord
Plum Run	Шаблон:Coord
Tipton Station walkway	Шаблон:Coord
Warren Avenue	Шаблон:Coord
Sykes Avenue	Шаблон:Coord
Wheatfield Rd crossing @ Round Top	Шаблон:Coord
terminus behind Round Top Station	Шаблон:Coord

The trolley barn ("track car house") at the SE corner of Washington St and the steamtrain tracks was taken over by the Surefoot Heel and Rubber Co. in 1920. A pedestrian bridge was later constructedШаблон:When across Rose Run on the trolley rail trail between Brooke and De Trobriand avenues. Remnants of the trolley system were registered as historic district contributing structures of the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District on January 23, 2004; and sections of the railbed remain discernable in modern overhead images.