Английская Википедия:Ghitta Carell
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Ghitta Carell (20 September 1899 – 18 January 1972) was the professional name of Ghitta Klein, a naturalized Italian photographer, born in Hungary, who came to prominence between 1930 and 1950. Noted for her portraiture, she was a favored photographer among the aristocracy and despite her Jewish heritage she helped build the imagery used in Fascist propaganda. After the fall of Mussolini, she remained in Italy, though her field of influence was greatly diminished. At the end of the 1960s, she immigrated to Israel, where she died in obscurity. Her archives, preserved by the 3M Foundation, have widely toured throughout Europe and a revival of interest in evaluating her skill as a technician has developed in the 21st century.
Early life
Ghitta Klein, was born on 20 September 1899 in Szatmár County, Hungary to Lotti Sonnenberg and Ignác Klein.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her father was a Jewish shoe factory owner, and her mother was a housewife. She may have studied with the photographer Шаблон:Ill and then traveled to Vienna and Leipzig to further her training,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn or she may have simply informally have studied such masters of photography as Székely, Ergy Landau, Olga Máté, Nickolas Muray, Шаблон:Ill, and Ilka Révai.Шаблон:Sfn Her early biographical record has sparse information and was likely embellished with details of having descended from a wealthy industrial family, prestigious apprenticeships, and her "discovery" after arriving in Italy on vacation and shooting a mythical photograph of a baby which appeared all over Italy on a Fascist propaganda poster.Шаблон:Sfn
Career
In 1924, Klein moved to Italy and quickly became involved with the group of Hungarian artists and intellectuals living in Florence.Шаблон:Sfn She became known for portraiture, typically using orthochromatic plates to mute reddish skin tones and softened the image further employing diffusion techniques.Шаблон:Sfn A skilled retoucher she went to great lengths to conceal her improvements to images, such as sharpening details, increasing the light contrast, and employing airbrush.Шаблон:Sfn After she learned Italian, she opened a studio at #13 Viale Milton, in Florence around 1927 and from this time, her portraits of aristocrats began to appear. Her work from 1927, includes likenesses of Countess Anna Boutourline and Teresa Martini Marescotti and from 1928, is a portrait of Baroness Bonacorsa Alliotti.Шаблон:Sfn She began publishing images in fashion magazines under the name of Ghitta Carell competing with the British photographer Eva Barrett, for space in publications like Шаблон:Ill.Шаблон:Sfn Another possible exaggeration was an often told tale that after taking a photograph of Sophia, Queen Consort of Greece, wrapped in an ermine jacket with a black veil encircling her, Carell was encouraged to go to Rome, by Sophia,Шаблон:Sfn who introduced her to court.Шаблон:Sfn
In Rome, Carell became the photographer for the Italian royal familyШаблон:Sfn after her photograph of Mafalda di Savoia, taken in 1928, was published in the March 1929 edition of Le Carnet Mondain, the social register.Шаблон:Sfn Around 1930, she met and photographed two of the architects of Fascist propaganda, Margherita Sarfatti and Marcello Piacentini. Sarfatti and Piacentini were key figures in crafting both the political identity of Benito Mussolini and his cultural policies.Шаблон:Sfn She took photographs which were collected in an album of the family members of both Sarfatti and Piacentini.Шаблон:Sfn Then in 1931, Carell took photographs of Queen Marie José and Mussolini, which were featured alongside photographs taken by Barrett in Le Carnet Mondain.Шаблон:Sfn
Though she continued to maintain a studio in Florence, by 1930, Carell was firmly established in Rome and opened a new studio there in 1932,Шаблон:Sfn located at #3 Piazza del Popolo.Шаблон:Sfn In 1933, she produced the wedding photographs for Sarfatti's daughter Fiammetta to Livio Gaetani, and two years later shot photographs of their first child, Roberto.Шаблон:Sfn For several years thereafter, until Barrett retired in 1937, the two women were known to be rivals for the same clients.Шаблон:Sfn That year, Carell shot a series of portraits of Mussolini,Шаблон:Sfn which were quite different than previous images of him in a militaristic stance with a decisive profile. In Carell's photographs, he was portrayed in almost Hollywood-like glamor, as a refined intellectual, with the only reference to politics being a National Fascist Party badge in his buttonhole.Шаблон:Sfn By this time, Carell was fully established as one of the most sought-after photographers in Rome.Шаблон:Sfn
At the beginning of World War II, in 1938, Carell came under the scrutiny of the police,Шаблон:Sfn but her high-powered relationships allowed her to remain in the country, despite her Jewish heritage.Шаблон:Citation needed After the war ended, she continued to make photographs of high-powered society figures and in 1959, renounced her Hungarian citizenship to become a naturalized Italian.Шаблон:Citation needed Her last official portrait was of Pope John XXIII in 1960. In 1969, she donated around 50,000 negatives of her archives to the Ferrania Information Center, which were later consolidated into the 3M Foundation Italia in Milan and moved to Israel.Шаблон:Sfn
Death and legacy
Carell died on 8 January 1972 in HaifaШаблон:Sfn and was largely forgotten or dismissed as an ideological photographerШаблон:Sfn until the 21st century, when critical analysis of her techniques renewed. In 2011, a biography, Ghitta Carell was published in HungarianШаблон:Sfn and followed in 2013, Roberto Dulio published a biography, Un ritratto mondano. Fotografie di Ghitta Carell re-examining her life.Шаблон:Sfn After each book was released, an exhibition of her works was presented.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The 2011 exhibition which was also shown Geneva, began with a presentation at the Hungarian National Museum, marking the first time Carell's works had been shown in her native land.Шаблон:Sfn The 2013 exhibition in Rome, evaluated the influences of Walt Disney and Hollywood on Carell's body of work.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Citations
Bibliography
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Further reading
Шаблон:Authority control (arts)
- Английская Википедия
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- 1899 births
- 1972 deaths
- Hungarian women photographers
- Hungarian photographers
- Photographers from Florence
- Italian women photographers
- Jewish women artists
- 20th-century photographers
- People with acquired Italian citizenship
- People who lost Hungarian citizenship
- Italian emigrants to Israel
- Hungarian Jews
- Hungarian emigrants to Italy
- 20th-century Italian Jews
- 20th-century Italian women artists
- 20th-century Hungarian women artists
- People from Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
- 20th-century women photographers
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