Английская Википедия:Gibbet of Montfaucon

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox Monument The Gibbet of Montfaucon (Шаблон:Lang-fr) was the main gallows and gibbet of the Kings of France until the time of Louis XIII of France. It was used to execute criminals, often traitors, by hanging and to display their dead bodies as a warning to the population. It was a large structure located at the top of a small hill near the modern Place du Colonel Fabien in Paris, though during the Middle Ages it was outside the city walls and the surrounding area was mostly not built up, being occupied by institutions like the Hôpital Saint-Louis from 1607, and earlier the Convent of the Filles-Dieu[1] ("Daughters of God"), a home for 200 reformed prostitutes, and the leper colony of St Lazare.[2]

First built during the reign of King Louis IX as a sign of royal justice in the late 13th century, the gibbet was later institutionalised under King Charles IV where the wooden scaffold was converted into stone with sixteen columns at a height of 10 meters.[3] It was used until 1627[3] and then dismantled in 1760. A smaller gibbet was erected nearby for ceremonial purposes rather than for execution.[3]

As reconstructed in images by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc it had three sides, and 45 compartments in which people could be both hanged and hung after execution elsewhere. A miniature of about 1460 from the Grandes Chroniques de France by Jean Fouquet, and also a print of 1609, show a somewhat less substantial structure than that in the reconstructions, which may, like others by Viollet-le-Duc, make the structure grander and more complex than was actually the case. The miniature shows bodies hanging from beams running across the central space, resting on the piers, but Viollet-le-Duc shows slabs running round the sides. Both show a substantial platform in masonry, which ran round a central space at ground level in the reconstructions, entered by a tunnel through the platform, closed by a gate. Another print of 1608 shows only two tiers of compartments rather than the three of Viollet-le-Duc. The English travel writer Thomas Coryat saw it at about the same time and described it as "the fayrest gallowes that I ever saw, built on a little hillocke ... [with] fourteen pillars of free stone".[4]

The structure was also used for displaying the bodies of those executed elsewhere; in 1416 the remains of Шаблон:Ill were finally handed back to his family after three years at Montfaucon.[5] Like an alarming number of other victims, Essarts had been one of the four royal treasurers.

The gibbet was a great favourite of popular historians and historical writers of the 19th century, appearing in historical novels including The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo,[6] Crichton (1837) by William Harrison Ainsworth,[7] and La Reine Margot (1845) by Alexandre Dumas; both the last two tales centred on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.[8] The former site of the gibbet is featured in the 1996 video game Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars.

Executions

Файл:Fol. 236.jpg
Detail from the Grandes Chroniques de France, by Jean Fouquet, about 1460
Файл:La masacre de San Bartolomé, por François Dubois.jpg
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, by François Dubois. The two top corners represent Montmartre with a windmill at left, and the Gibbet of Montfaucon on an equally steep and empty hill at right.[9]

Those executed or displayed there include:

References

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ [ Book 11, Chapter 4]
  7. ↑ Ballad in Chapter 1 Charles IX at Montfaucon, and later when Coligny hangs there.
  8. ↑ [ La Reine Margot, in translation]
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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