Английская Википедия:Giga-
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses
Giga (Шаблон:IPAc-en or Шаблон:IPAc-en) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of a short-scale billion or long-scale milliard (109 or 1,000,000,000). It has the symbol G.
Giga is derived from the Greek word Шаблон:Lang (gígas), meaning "giant". The Oxford English Dictionary reports the earliest written use of giga in this sense to be in the Reports of the IUPAC 14th Conférence Internationale de Chimie in 1947: "The following prefixes to abbreviations for the names of units should be used: G giga 109×."[1] However, it was already used in 1932 by the German organization Verband deutscher Elektrotechniker.[2]
When referring to information units in computing, such as gigabyte, giga may sometimes mean Шаблон:Gaps (230); this causes ambiguity. Standards organizations discourage this and use giga- to refer to 109 in this context too.[3][4]Шаблон:Primary source inline Gigabit is only rarely used with the binary interpretation of the prefix. The binary prefix gibi has been adopted for 230, while reserving giga exclusively for the metric definition.
Pronunciation
In English, the prefix giga is pronounced Шаблон:IPAc-en (a hard g as in giggle), but is occasionally mispronounced Шаблон:IPAc-en (a soft g as in gigantic, which shares gigaШаблон:'s Ancient Greek root).[5] A prominent example of this latter pronunciation is found in the pronunciation of gigawatts in the 1985 film Back to the Future.
According to the American writer Kevin Self, a German committee member of the International Electrotechnical Commission proposed giga as a prefix for 109 in the 1920s, drawing on a verse (evidently "Anto-logie") by the German humorous poet Christian Morgenstern that appeared in the third (1908) edition of his Шаблон:Lang (Gallows Songs).[6][7] This suggests that a hard German Шаблон:IPA was originally intended as the pronunciation. Self was unable to ascertain when the Шаблон:IPA (soft g) pronunciation came into occasional use, but claimed that as of 1995 it had returned to Шаблон:IPA (hard g).[8][9]
In 1998, a poll by the phonetician John C. Wells found that 84% of Britons preferred the pronunciation of gigabyte starting with Шаблон:IPA (as in gig), 9% with Шаблон:IPA (as in jig), 6% with Шаблон:IPA (guy), and 1% with Шаблон:IPA (as in giant).[10]
Common usage
- gigahertz—clock rate of a CPU, for instance, 3 GHz = Шаблон:Gaps
- gigabit—bandwidth of a network link, for instance, 1 Gbit/s = Шаблон:Gaps.
- gigabyte—for instance, for hard disk capacity, 120 GB = Шаблон:Gaps;
- gigayear or gigaannum—one billion (109) years, sometimes abbreviated Gyr, but the preferred usage is Ga or, for years ago, GA.Шаблон:Fact
Binary prefix
The notation Шаблон:Val represents 1,000,000,000 bytes or, in deprecated usage, 1,073,741,824 (230) bytes. Per IEC 60027-2 A.2 and ISO/IEC 80000 standards, the correct notation of 230 is gibi (symbol Gi).[11] One gibibyte (Шаблон:Val) is 1,073,741,824 bytes or Шаблон:Val. Despite international standards, the use of Шаблон:Val = 230 B is widespread. A laptop advertised as having Шаблон:Val has 8,589,934,592 bytes of memory: Шаблон:Val, or Шаблон:Val. Шаблон:Citation needed
See also
References
External links
he:תחיליות במערכת היחידות הבינלאומית#גיגה
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Wireless Engineer, 1932, issue 05, p. 252.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (Appendix D. ref 5)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book [These lines are the only appearance of gig in the book. Шаблон:Lang is German for "giant"; cf. "gigantic".]
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Wells, J. C. (1998). LPD pronunciation preference poll 1998.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
