Английская Википедия:Gilbert Islands naval order of battle
On 20 November 1943, simultaneous landings were made by United States Marine Corps forces on Tarawa and United States Army forces on Makin, two coral atolls located in the Gilbert Islands chain in the South-Central Pacific.
Unlike at the Allied landings on Guadalcanal the previous fall, the Japanese chose to violently oppose the Marines on the beach at Betio, the principal island of the Tarawa Atoll. These extremely well-planned defenses, combined with unexpected tidal conditions, made the fight for Tarawa one of the most difficult for the Marine Corps of the entire Pacific Theater.
Makin was declared secure on 25 November, Tarawa on 27 November.
The naval forces assigned to capture the Gilberts formed the largest armada yet assembled by either side in the Pacific, considerably larger than the Allied force that mounted the invasion of Guadalcanal and dwarfing the Japanese force that attacked Pearl Harbor.
TF 50 – Carrier Force (Task Force 50):
- 6 fleet carriers, 5 light carriers, 6 fast battleships, 3 heavy cruisers, 3 anti-aircraft light cruisers, 21 destroyers
TF 52 – Northern Attack Force (Makin) (Task Force 52):
- 3 escort carriers, 4 old battleships, 4 heavy cruisers, 15 destroyers, 1 minesweeper, 5 transports, 4 landing ships
TF 53 – Southern Attack Force (Tarawa) (Task Force 53):
- 5 escort carriers, 3 old battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, 22 destroyers, 2 minesweepers, 16 transports, 4 landing ships
Command structure
Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Multiple image
The roles of Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPOA) and Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), were both exercised by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Since the Gilberts and Marshalls lie in the Central Pacific, their capture was the responsibility of the U.S. Fifth Fleet, led by Vice Admiral Raymond A. Spruance from aboard his flagship, heavy cruiser Indianapolis.
The ships and troops of Operations Galvanic (landings on Tarawa Atoll) and Kourbash (landings on Makin Atoll) were under direct operational command of Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner aboard old battleship Pennsylvania.
In case Admiral Mineichi Koga attempted to disrupt Fifth Fleet's operations, Spruance was to strip all combat ships not needed to cover the landings, join with the fast carrier forces and engage the Japanese. In the event, Koga's Combined Fleet never stirred from its anchorage at Truk Lagoon in the Carolines.
Ground troops
V Amphibious Corps (Maj. Gen. Holland M. Smith)
- Tarawa: 2nd Marine Division (Maj. Gen. Julian C. Smith)
- Makin: 27th Infantry Division (Army) (Maj. Gen. Ralph C. Smith)
Both Admiral Turner and General Holland Smith sailed with the Northern Attack Force even though it was obvious that Tarawa would be the scene of the main ground action. If the Japanese mounted a counterattack, it was most likely to come from the Marshalls since the closest Japanese bases to the Gilberts were located there. Nimitz and Spruance wanted the two highest-ranking officers to sail with the forces that would be the first to encounter any such enemy response. Unbeknownst to the Americans, the Japanese had stripped almost all their naval and air assets from the Marshalls in an attempt to resist the Allied effort in the Central Solomons. Thus, no counterattack materialized.
Forces afloat
Carrier Force (Task Force 50)
Rear Admiral Charles A. Pownall in fleet carrier Yorktown
Carrier Interceptor Group (Task Group 50.1)
Rear Admiral Pownall in Yorktown
- 2 fleet carriers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. J. J. Clark)
- Air Group 5 (Lt. Cmdr. C. L. Crommelin)
- VF-5: 36 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-5: 36 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- VT-5: 18 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 5 (Lt. Cmdr. C. L. Crommelin)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. F. B. Stump)
- Air Group 16 (Lt. Cmdr. E. M. Snowden)
- VF-16: 36 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-16: 36 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- VT-16: 18 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 16 (Lt. Cmdr. E. M. Snowden)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. J. J. Clark)
- 1 light carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. R. P. McConnell)
- Air Group 25 (Lt. R. H. Price)
- VF-25: 24 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VF-6: 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VC-25: 10 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 25 (Lt. R. H. Price)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. R. P. McConnell)
- Battleship Division 6 (Rear Adm. E. W. Hanson)
- 3 fast battleships
- 1 North Carolina-class (9 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 South Dakota-class (9 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS[1]
- 3 fast battleships
- Screen (Lr. Cmdr. A. J. Hill)
- 6 destroyers
- All Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 6 destroyers
Northern Carrier Group (Task Group 50.2)
Rear Admiral Arthur W. Radford in fleet carrier Enterprise
- 1 fleet carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. S. P. Ginder)
- Air Group 6 (Lt. Cmdr. E. H. O'Hare) (Шаблон:Font color)
- VF-2: 36 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-6: 36 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- VT-6: 18 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 6 (Lt. Cmdr. E. H. O'Hare) (Шаблон:Font color)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. S. P. Ginder)
- 2 light carriers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. A. M. Pride)
- Air Group 24 (Cmdr. R. H. Dale)
- VF-24: 26 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VF-6: 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VC-22B: 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 24 (Cmdr. R. H. Dale)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. L. T. Hundt)
- Air Group 30 (Lt. Cmdr. J. G. Sliney, USNR)
- VF-30: 24 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VC-30: 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 30 (Lt. Cmdr. J. G. Sliney, USNR)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. A. M. Pride)
- Battleship Division 6 (Rear Adm. G. B. Davis)
- 3 fast battleships
- 1 North Carolina-class (9 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 South Dakota-class (9 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 3 fast battleships
- Screen (Cmdr. H. F. Miller)
- 6 destroyers
- All Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 6 destroyers
Southern Carrier Group (Task Group 50.3)
Rear Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery in fleet carrier Essex
- 2 fleet carriers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. D. B. Duncan)
- Air Group 9 (Cmdr. J. Raby)
- VF-9: 36 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-9: 36 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- VT-9: 18 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 9 (Cmdr. J. Raby)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. J. J. Ballentine)
- Air Group 17 (Cmdr. M. P. Bagdanovitch)
- VF-18: 36 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-17: 32 Curtiss SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
- Air Group 17 (Cmdr. M. P. Bagdanovitch)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. D. B. Duncan)
- 1 light carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. R. L. Johnson)
- Air Group 22 (Cmdr. J. M. Peters)
- VF-22: 16 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VF-6: 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VC-22: 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 22 (Cmdr. J. M. Peters)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. R. L. Johnson)
- Cruiser Division 5 (Rear Adm. E. G. Small):
- 3 heavy cruisers
- 1 Pensacola-class (10 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 Northampton-class (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 anti-aircraft light cruiser
- 1 Atlanta-class (12 × 5-in. main battery)Шаблон:Efn: Шаблон:USS
- 3 heavy cruisers
- Screen (Capt. J. T. Bottom):
- 5 destroyers
- All Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 5 destroyers
Relief Carrier Group (Task Group 50.4)
Rear Admiral Frederick C. Sherman in fleet carrier Saratoga
- 1 fleet carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. J. H. Cassady)
- Air Group 3 (Cmdr. H. H. Caldwell)
- VF-12: 37 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VB-12: 24 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- VT-12: 18 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 3 (Cmdr. H. H. Caldwell)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. J. H. Cassady)
- 1 light carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. G. R. Henderson)
- Air Group 23 (Lt. Cmdr. H. L. Miller)
- VF-23: 24 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- VT-23: 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group 23 (Lt. Cmdr. H. L. Miller)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. G. R. Henderson)
- Cruiser Division 2 (Rear Adm. L. J. Wiltse)
- 2 anti-aircraft light cruisersШаблон:Efn
- Both Atlanta-class (12 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 anti-aircraft light cruisersШаблон:Efn
- Screen
- 4 destroyers
- 3 Benham-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 Benson-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 4 destroyers
Northern Attack Force (Makin) (Task Group 52)
Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner in old battleship Pennsylvania
Transport Group (Task Group 52.1)
Captain D. W. Loomis
Embarking 165th Regimental Combat Team and 105th Battalion Landing Team
of the Файл:27th Infantry Division SSI.svg 27th Infantry Division
- 4 attack transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 attack cargo ship: Шаблон:USS
- 1 landing ship dock: Шаблон:USS
- Screen
- 4 destroyers
- 2 Fletcher-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 Farragut-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Sims-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 4 destroyers
Fire Support Group (Task Group 52.2)
Rear Admiral Robert M. Griffin in fast battleship New Mexico
- Unit 1
- 2 old battleships
- 1 Pennsylvania-class (12 × 14-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 New Mexico-class (12 × 14-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 heavy cruisers
- Both New Orleans-class (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 destroyers
- Both Farragut-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 old battleships
- Unit 2
- 2 old battleships
- Both New Mexico-class (12 × 14-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 heavy cruisers
- 1 Baltimore-class (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 New Orleans-class (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 destroyers
- Both Gridley-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 old battleships
- Unit 3
- 2 destroyers
- 1 Porter-class (8 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Farragut-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 destroyers
Air Support Group (Task Group 52.3)
Rear Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix (Шаблон:Font color) in escort carrier Liscome Bay
- 3 escort carriers
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. I. D. Wiltsie Шаблон:Font color)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. M. U. Beebe)
- 16 Grumman FM-1 Wildcat fighters
- 12 TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. M. U. Beebe)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. H. W. Taylor)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. J. J. Lynch)
- 16 Grumman FM-1 Wildcat fighters
- 12 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. J. J. Lynch)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. R. L. Bowman)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. G. M. Clifford)
- 16 Grumman FM-1 Wildcat fighters
- 12 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. G. M. Clifford)
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. I. D. Wiltsie Шаблон:Font color)
- Screen
- 4 destroyers
- 2 Sims-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 minesweeper
- 1 Auk-class (1 × 3-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 4 destroyers
Makin LST Group No. 1 (Task Group 54.4)
Commander A. M. Hurst
- 3 landing ship tanks: 31, 78, 178, each carrying an LCT
- 1 Farragut-class destroyer (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
TF 53 Southern Attack Force (Tarawa)
Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill in old battleship Maryland
Transport Group (Task Group 53.1)
Captain H. B. Knowles in attack transport Monrovia
Embarking Файл:2nd Mar Div;divlogo1.png 2nd Marine Division, reinforced
- Transport Division 4 (Capt. J. B. McGovern):
- 5 attack transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Transport Division 6 (Capt. T. B. Brittain):
- 4 attack transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Transport Division 18 (Capt. Knowles):
- 3 attack transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 3 attack cargo ships: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 landing ship dock: Шаблон:USS
- 1 transport: Шаблон:USS
- Screen (Capt. E. M. Thompson):
- 7 destroyers
- All Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 7 destroyers
Minesweeper Group (Task Group 53.2)
Lieutenant Commander H. R. Peirce
- 2 minesweepers
- Both Auk-class (1 × 3-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
Fire Support Group (Task Group 53.4)
Rear Admiral Howard F. Kingman
- Section 1
- 1 Tennessee-class old battleship (12 × 14-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Cleveland-class light cruiser (12 × 6-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 Benson-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Section 2
- 1 Colorado-class old battleship] (8 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Cleveland-class light cruiser (12 × 6-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 Benson-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Section 3
- 1 Colorado-class old battleship] (8 × 16-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Portland-class heavy cruiser (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 2 Sims-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Section 4
- 2 Fletcher-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Section 5
- 1 Portland-class heavy cruiser (9 × 8-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Fletcher-class destroyer (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
Air Support Group (Task Group 53.6)
Rear Admiral V. H. Ragsdale
- 5 escort carriers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. E. P. Moore)
- 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- 9 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. F. W. McMahon)
- 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- 9 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. D. Ketcham)
- 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- 9 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers
- 9 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. S. J. Michael)
- 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. G. A. Dussault)
- 12 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. E. P. Moore)
- Screen
- 5 destroyers
- 2 Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 3 Farragut-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 5 destroyers
Tarawa LST Group No. 1 (Task Group 54.5)
Lieutenant Commander R. M. Pits
- 3 landing ship tanks: 34, 242, 243, each carrying an LCT
- 1 Benson-class destroyer (4 ×x 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
See also
Orders of battle involving United States Marine forces in the Pacific Theatre of World War II:
- Battle of Guadalcanal order of battle
- Battle of Saipan order of battle
- Guam (1944) order of battle
- Battle of Leyte opposing forces
- Battle of Peleliu opposing forces
- Battle of Iwo Jima order of battle
- Okinawa ground order of battle
Notes
References
Bibliography
- ↑ USS Alabama War Diary, Wednesday, 17 November 1943, 0 to 4, U.S. National Archives, World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 – ca. 6/1/1946. This diary entry also makes reference to the presence of the oiler USS Lackawanna (AO-40) with Task Group 50.1 on this date.
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Gilbert Islands
- World War II orders of battle
- Marshall Islands in World War II
- Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
- Conflicts in 1943
- Naval aviation operations and battles
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United States
- United States Navy in World War II
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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