Английская Википедия:Gimbap

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Gimbap (Шаблон:Korean; Шаблон:IPA-ko), also romanized as kimbap, is a Korean dish made from cooked rice, vegetables, fish, and meat rolled in gim—dried sheets of seaweed—and served in bite-sized slices. The origins of gimbap are debated. Some sources suggest it originates from Japanese norimaki, introduced during Japanese colonial rule, while othersШаблон:Who argue it is a modernized version of bossam from the Joseon era. The dish is often part of a packed meal, or dosirak, to be eaten at picnics and outdoor events, and can serve as a light lunch along with danmuji (yellow pickled radish) and kimchi. It is a popular takeaway food in South Korea and abroad and is known as a convenient food because of its portability.

Etymology

Gim (Шаблон:Lang) refers to edible seaweed in the genus Porphyra and Pyropia. Bap (Шаблон:Lang) broadly refers to cooked rice. The compound term gimbap is a neologism; it was not a part of the Korean language until the 20th century. A similar dish, cooked rice rolled with gim, was called bokssam (Шаблон:Korean) in the Joseon era (1392–1897).

The term gimbap was used in a 1935 Korean newspaper article but at the time, the loanword norimaki was used as well. Norimaki, borrowed from the name of a similar Japanese dish, was part of the Japanese vocabulary that entered into the Korean language during Japanese occupation (1910–1945). The two words were used interchangeably until gimbap was made the universal term, as part of efforts to clear away remnants of Japanese colonialism and purify the Korean language.

History

The origins of gimbap are debated. One commonly accepted theory suggests that the dish is derived from the introduction of the Japanese sushi variant makizushi to Korea during the Japanese occupation of Korea. During that period, Korean cuisine adopted Western food and drink, as well as some Japanese food items such as bento (dosirak in Korean) or sushi rolled in sheets of seaweed. Since then, gimbap has become a distinct dish, often utilizing traditional Korean flavors, as well as sesame oil, instead of rice vinegar. This theory is supported by a newspaper from 1935, in which the term gimbap first appeared in Korea.

An alternative theory, suggested in the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, published by the Academy of Korean Studies, is that the food was developed from the long-established local tradition of rolling bap (cooked rice) and banchan (side dishes) in gim. Production of gim (김) in Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces is reported in books from the fifteenth century, such as Gyeongsang-do Jiriji and Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam. Yeoryang Sesigi (열양세시기), a Joseon book written in 1819 by Kim Mae-sun (김매순), refers to cooked rice and filling rolled with gim as bokssam (Шаблон:Lang; transcribed using the hanja Шаблон:Lang, pronounced bakjeom in Korean). One other theory suggests that gimbap was introduced to Japan during the Baekje period, where it eventually developed into norimaki.

Regardless, gimbap and makizushi now refer to distinct dishes in Japan and Korea: the former called kimupapu (Шаблон:Lang) in Japanese and the latter called gimchobap (Шаблон:Lang; "gim sushi") or norimaki (Шаблон:Lang) in Korean. Gimbap is usually rolled with several ingredients and is seasoned with sesame oil, while makizushi is usually rolled with one ingredient (cucumber or raw tuna) and is seasoned with rice vinegar.Шаблон:Citation needed

Ingredients and preparation

Gim and bap are the two basic components of gimbap. While short-grain white rice is most commonly used, short-grain brown rice, black rice, or other grains may also serve as the filling.Шаблон:Citation needed

Some varieties of gimbap include cheese, spicy cooked squid, kimchi, luncheon meat, pork cutlet, pepper, or spicy tuna. The gim may be brushed with sesame oil or sprinkled with sesame seeds. In one variation, sliced pieces of gimbap may be lightly fried with an egg coating, which can allow stale gimbap to be eaten.Шаблон:Citation needed

Fillings vary, often with vegetarian and vegan options. Popular ingredients include danmuji (yellow pickled radish), ham, beef, imitation crab meat, egg strips, kimchi, bulgogi, spinach, carrot, burdock root, cucumber, canned tuna, or kkaennip (perilla leaves).

To make the dish, gim sheets are toasted over low heat, cooked rice is lightly seasoned with salt and sesame oil, and vegetable and meat ingredients are seasoned and stir-fried or pan-fried. The toasted gim is then laid on a gimbal—a bamboo gimbap roller—with a thin layer of cooked rice placed evenly on top. Other ingredients are placed on the rice and rolled into a cylindrical shape, typically Шаблон:Convert in diameter. The rolled gimbap is then sliced into bite-sized pieces.

• Gimbal, bamboo gimbap roller

  Gimbal, bamboo gimbap roller

• Ingredients for gimbap

  Ingredients for gimbap

• Arranging the ingredients

  Arranging the ingredients

• Rolling gimbap

  Rolling gimbap

• Gimbap with meat

  Gimbap with meat

Variants

Файл:Chungmu gimbab.jpg

Chungmu-gimbap

• Chungmu-gimbap (Шаблон:Lang) — Originating from the seaside city of Chungmu (currently Tongyeong), the dish features thinner rolls with an unseasoned surface and only rice as the filler ingredient. It is served with spicy ojingeo-muchim (squid salad) and seokbakji (radish kimchi).
• Mayak-gimbap (Шаблон:Lang) — A specialty of Gwangjang Market in Seoul. Mayak translates as "drug", a reference to its allegedly addictive and concentrated flavour. Small gimbap filled with carrots, spinach, and danmuji (yellow pickled radish) is sprinkled with ground sesame seeds and dipped in its pairing sauce, made from soy sauce and mustard.
• Samgak-gimbap (Шаблон:Lang) — Literally "triangle gimbap". This variety is similar to Japanese onigiri and is sold in convenience stores in South Korea. Fillings vary greatly; the expiration date is one day; it typically provides between Шаблон:Convert of food energy.Шаблон:Citation needed
• Nude gimbap (Шаблон:Lang) — Unlike traditional gimbap, while the ingredients of nude gimbap go inside the gim, the rice wraps around the outside, similar to a california roll. However, unlike a california roll, nude gimbap still uses traditional gimbap ingredients.
• Yukhoe gimbap (Шаблон:Lang) — This variety is similar to the Japanese raw seafood makizushi but uses yukhoe—a Korean raw meat dish with pickled radish, kkaennip, and scallion.

Restaurant franchises

Many South Korean fast food restaurant franchises specialize in gimbap and noodles. Among the chains are Gimbap Cheonguk (Шаблон:Lang), Kobongmin Gimbabin (Шаблон:Lang), Chungmu Gimbab Matjuk (Шаблон:Lang), Teacher Kim (Шаблон:Lang), Gimbap Nara (Шаблон:Lang), Gimgane (Шаблон:Lang), Gobong Gimbap (Шаблон:Lang), Jongro Gimbap (Шаблон:Lang), Rolling Rice, Gimbap King (Шаблон:Lang King), and Charles Sutbul Gimbap (Шаблон:Lang).

See also

• Jumeok-bap
• Ssam

External links

• Шаблон:Wikibooks inline