Английская Википедия:Giovanni Defendi

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Giovanni Defendi was an Italian revolutionary who fought for the Paris Commune, was imprisoned, and after release spent many years as a grocer and anarchist leader in exile in London.

Early years

By his own account, Giovanni Defendi was born on 24 June 1849 in Casalmaggiore, Italy. He became a confectioner. He fought with Garibaldi in the war for Italian independence. On 17 or 18 May 1871 Defendi arrived in Paris after the demobilization of the red shirts, and participated in the Paris Commune. For this, on 27 April 1872 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison and was sent to Belle Île.Шаблон:Sfn After being released, he moved to London in 1880.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 February 1881 the Italian consul described him as 32 years old, almost Шаблон:Convert in height, who had spent eight years imprisoned in a small cell.Шаблон:Sfn

Life in exile

Defendi met wife Emilia Tronzio, in London. A native of Cosenza, she had lost her parents in a cholera epidemic and had been adopted by the family of the internationalist Tito Zanardelli.Шаблон:Sfn In the 1870s she was the mistress of Errico Malatesta.Шаблон:Sfn In 1880 a letter was published in the Citoyen of Paris in which Giovanni Defendi and Emilia Tronzi-Zanardelli announced that on 1 May 1880 they had contracted a union libre, as opposed to a judicial or religious marriage.Шаблон:Sfn A similar statement was published in La Plebe of Milan on 2 May 1880.Шаблон:Sfn The Defendis opened a delicatessen at 12 Archer Street in the Soho section of London, home to many immigrants.Шаблон:Sfn They had six children.Шаблон:Sfn Giovanni used to go through the Italian colony selling his produce from a handcart, assisted by his son Enrico.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1885 Defendi was one of the leaders of the anarchists in London, along with Biagio Poggi and Vito Solieri.Шаблон:Sfn In 1896 Defendi was one of three judges on an anarchist court of honor that found Francesco Cini guilty of stealing some money he had collected to help Spanish militants who had been tortured while imprisoned in Montjuïc Castle.Шаблон:Sfn His children Enrico and Luigia also became anarchists, and were watched by the police.Шаблон:Sfn Defendi opened a grocery shop at 112 W. High Street in Islington.Шаблон:Sfn Emilia was the victim of an influenza epidemic in World War I.Шаблон:Sfn

References

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Sources

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