Английская Википедия:Giovanni Mocenigo
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Giovanni di Mocenigo (1408 – November 4, 1485) was doge of Venice from 1478 to 1485. He fought at sea against the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and on land against Ercole I d'Este, duke of Ferrara, from whom he recaptured Rovigo and the Polesine. He was interred in the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, a traditional burial place of the doges. His dogaressa was Taddea Michiel (d. 1479), who was to be the last dogaressa to be crowned in Venice until Zilia Dandolo in 1557, almost a century later.[1][2] His brother, Pietro Mocenigo, served as Doge before him, in 1474–1476.
Early life
Giovanni Mocenigo was born in Venice in 1408, to a very distinguished family: both his father, Leonardo, and his grandfather, Pietro, were appointed Procurator of Saint Mark.Шаблон:Sfn His early life is little known, apart from his marriage to Taddea Michiel, of another highly distinguished family of the Venetian patriciate, in 1432. The couple had two children, Leonardo and Luchina.Шаблон:Sfn
Mocenigo's early activities may have been related to trade.Шаблон:Sfn His first election to public office was to the Council of Forty in July 1441, but he refused the nomination. Nevertheless, he was again elected in November of the same year, but it is unknown whether he accepted or not.Шаблон:Sfn Nothing further is known of him until 1451, when he is mentioned in the will of his mother.Шаблон:Sfn
Public career
From 1452 on Mocenigo followed a political career, being elected as a member of the Venetian Senate, and then appointed ambassador to Ibrahim II of Karaman to negotiate a commercial treaty and possibly an anti-Ottoman alliance in 1453–1454 (although the identification of the Venetian ambassador with Mocenigo is not entirely certain), and head of the annual trade convoy to Alexandria in June 1454.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1463, he was Шаблон:Lang (governor) and captain of Ravenna, then Шаблон:Lang in 1466. From the latter position he was sent to negotiate an alliance with Borso d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, against the Republic of Florence.Шаблон:Sfn He was re-elected as Шаблон:Lang for the first half of 1467, and then immediately appointed Шаблон:Lang of Treviso. In November 1469 he was elected an Шаблон:Lang, but held the office for a few weeks before being appointed Шаблон:Lang (governor) of the Patria del Friuli, serving until August 1471.Шаблон:Sfn In late 1471 Mocenigo was again Шаблон:Lang, and then again Шаблон:Lang in 1472.Шаблон:Sfn In 1474 he was a Шаблон:Lang, before being sent, along with Andrea Vendramin and Antonio Venier, to negotiate the extension of the Peace of Lodi with Florence and the Duchy of Milan.Шаблон:Sfn
Giovanni Mocenigo participated in the election of Nicolò Tron as Doge of Venice in November 1471, as well as the election of Nicolò Marcello in July 1473, when he unsuccessfully promoted the candidacy of his brother, Pietro. Pietro was more successful in December 1474, and was elected Doge, thus further enhancing Giovanni's position as well: from 1475 until his own election as Doge in 1478, he was consistently elected as a Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn Notably, he never held the post of Procurator of Saint Mark before becoming Doge.Шаблон:Sfn
In November 1477 he was member of a commission of senators sent to examine the defences of Friuli against a possible Ottoman attack.Шаблон:Sfn After the death of Doge Andrea Vendramin on 6 May 1478, Mocenigo was elected as Doge on 18 May. His election was in large part to his popularity for his upright character rather than any political skills, and was won with crucial support of Marco Corner, the brother-in-law of Mocenigo's brother Nicolò.Шаблон:Sfn
Dogate
Mocenigo's dogate was troubled from the outset. Within days of his election, a plague began that lasted until the end of the year and would cost the life of Mocenigo's wife. In addition, in September 1479 the Doge's Palace was devastated by fire, and Mocenigo had to move out.Шаблон:Sfn The long war with the Ottomans, going on since 1463, was concluded in January 1479 with the Treaty of Constantinople in a clear Venetian defeat, as Venice had to recognize the loss of Negroponte, Scutari, and other fortresses.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1482, a war broke out with the Duchy of Ferrara over the Polesine. The war was costly and harder than expected, bu ended with a Venetian victory in the Treaty of Bagnolo on 7 August 1484.Шаблон:Sfn
Mocenigo died of the plague on 4 November 1485. He was buried in the Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, in a funeral monument by the sculptor Tullio Lombardo.Шаблон:Sfn
Popular culture
- In the video game Assassin's Creed II, Giovanni Mocenigo is poisoned by the fictional consigliere and Council of Ten member Carlo Grimaldi, which leads to Marco Barbarigo being installed as doge. This fictionalization was actually based on real-life speculations that Giovanni Mocenigo was poisoned.
See also
References
Sources
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