Английская Википедия:Giraffe piano
Шаблон:Infobox instrument The giraffe piano is a type of an upright piano that has a "long-necked" appearance due to a narrow, but tall, upright case, essentially a grand piano set up vertically.[1] The design had been invented in AustriaШаблон:Sfn around 1805 and was manufactured throughout the first half of the 19th century.Шаблон:Sfn This "monstrosity"Шаблон:Sfn eventually evolved into the modern upright piano ("pianino").Шаблон:Sfn Two closely related instruments, similar in construction, but different in shape, are called the pyramid piano and the lyre piano.Шаблон:Sfn
Invention
Modern sources credit the invention of the Giraffe piano to Шаблон:Ill,[2] although a dispute about the authorship was already ongoing in 1811, with Seuffert accused of falsely representing himself as an inventor:[3] Шаблон:Blockquote Seuffert himself at the time acknowledged collaboration with Wachtl and Bleyer, although denied Bleyer's claims:[4] Шаблон:Blockquote
Design
The narrow end of the instrument was frequently capped by a large scroll imitating giraffe's head, space next to it was frequently used for the display shelves. The pianos mostly used the German action with hammers below the keysШаблон:Sfn and typically had four pedals.Шаблон:Sfn Until the turn of the 19th century, the pin block was placed above the keyboard, so the cases had to be quite tall. Moving the pin block to the top of the frame and sloping the string plane cleared the path to the modern upright piano design – and eventually ended the era of the 19th century upright grand pianos.Шаблон:Sfn
History
The development of the upright grand versions of pianos in the 18th-19th centuries was spurred by the need to reduce the space taken by the grand pianos, at the time about 2.5 by 1.5 meters;Шаблон:Sfn the size of more compact square pianos was also increasing.[1] Vertical design, with the soundboard oriented toward audience, allowed to produce full sound in а smaller-sized instrument. The idea of a vertical placement of strings is very old: clavicytherium, an upright version of the harpsichord, was known as early as 1480.Шаблон:Sfn
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Pyramid piano, ca. 1815
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Lyre piano by Schleip, 1820
The first upright hammer-action grand piano was constructed in Italy by Шаблон:Ill in 1739. The development then shifted to Vienna, with Christian Ernst Friederici creating the first pyramid piano in 1745. After a hiatus, the uprights experienced a renaissance in Austria in the early 19th century (Seuffert, Wachtl, Bleyer) with significant contributions by Christoph Ehrlich in Germany. The instruments featured two to six pedals, controlling the piano, sustaining, bassoon-register, and sometimes "janissary" (drum and bells) functions (Friederici also used hand stops). The lyre piano, made popular by Шаблон:Ill in 1820s was the last iteration of the upright grand piano design.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Giraffenklavier. In: Curt Sachs: Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente. Julius Bard, Berlin 1913, S. 158 b (Шаблон:Internet archive)
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite thesis
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
Шаблон:Musical-instrument-stub
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Britannica
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокEBне указан текст - ↑ J. F. Bleyer: Historische Beschreibung der aufrechtstehenden Forte-Pianos, von der Erfindung Wachtl und Bleyers in Wien. in: Intelligenz-Blatt zur Allgemeinen Musikalischen Zeitung November 1811, Nº. XVII, Sp. 73–77 Шаблон:Google book
- ↑ Martin Seuffert: Rechtfertigung. in: Intelligenz-Blatt zur Allgemeinen Musikalischen Zeitung May 1812, Nº. V, Sp. 21–22 Шаблон:Google books
