Английская Википедия:Glenoe dialect
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
The Glenoe dialect is an Ulster Scots dialect spoken in the Glenoe district in East Antrim, Northern Ireland.Шаблон:Sfnp
Phonology
Consonants
- Шаблон:IPA are realized as interdental Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA, as in Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'try', Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'coulter' and Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'bed-ridden invalid'. Before Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA also becomes interdental Шаблон:IPAblink, as in Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'halter'.Шаблон:Sfnp As these allophones are fully predictable, the diacritic is omitted elsewhere in the article.
- Шаблон:IPA in word-medial and word-final positions, may be pronounced with a simultaneous glottal stop Шаблон:IPAblink among speakers.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are phonetically alveolo-palatal sibilants articulated with spread lips Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA has two allophones:
- Normally, it is a voiceless post-velar fricative with a simultaneous voiceless uvular trill Шаблон:IPAblink (hereafter written with a plain Шаблон:Angbr IPA), much like Northern Dutch Шаблон:Angbr IPA in the word Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Audio-IPA 'yellow'.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
- After front vowels (such as Шаблон:IPA), it is realized as a voiceless post-palatal fricative Шаблон:IPAblink (hereafter represented without the diacritic), similar to the German Шаблон:Lang, but slightly more back. This consonant also occurs as an allophone of the initial sequence Шаблон:IPA, so that Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'huge' may be pronounced Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is normally an approximant Шаблон:IPAblink. After Шаблон:IPA, it is realized as a tap Шаблон:IPAblink. This is also the case in the sequence Шаблон:IPA (where Шаблон:IPA stands for any of Шаблон:IPA), as in Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'clumsy'. In initial clusters after consonants other than Шаблон:IPA, Gregg describes a realization intermediate between an approximant Шаблон:IPAblink and a tap Шаблон:IPAblink, i.e. a brief non-sibilant fricative Шаблон:IPAblink (as in Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'brush').Шаблон:Sfnp Elsewhere in the article, this allophone is written with a plain Шаблон:Angbr IPA.
- Шаблон:IPA is clear Шаблон:IPAblink. The velarized Шаблон:IPAblink found in many English dialects does not exist in Glenoe.Шаблон:Sfnp
Vowels
- Vowel length is governed by the Scottish vowel length rule and is therefore non-phonemic. Шаблон:IPA and the unstressed-only Шаблон:IPA are always short, whereas Шаблон:IPA are normally long but can be shortened due to the SVLR. Conversely, both Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are normally short, but can be lengthened due to the SVLR.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are slightly lower than the corresponding cardinal vowels, but the difference is not very big.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA, a phonologically central vowel, is further front and more open than cardinal Шаблон:IPA: Шаблон:IPAblink. Before Шаблон:IPA, it is lengthened and slightly lowered to Шаблон:IPAblink (transcribed with Шаблон:Angbr IPA in this article).Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA, a phonologically central vowel, is further front than cardinal Шаблон:IPA but not quite as front as the German Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA. The long allophone is almost fully close Шаблон:IPAblink, but the short allophone is somewhat lower: Шаблон:IPAblink. Before Шаблон:IPA, a long open Шаблон:IPAblink is found to the exclusion of Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp For simplicity, both long allophones are written with Шаблон:Angbr IPA in this article, whereas the short allophone is written with Шаблон:Angbr IPA.
- Шаблон:IPA is more strongly rounded and closer than the cardinal Шаблон:IPA: Шаблон:IPAblink. It is similar in quality to Swedish and Norwegian Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- In certain fused verb forms, Шаблон:IPA is realized as Шаблон:IPAblink. An example of that is Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'have to' (cf. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'have'). It also occurs as an allophone of Шаблон:IPA in unstressed syllables (in e.g. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'Polish'). Its phonetic quality is similar to that of Шаблон:IPA but more front. It is close to the Шаблон:Sc vowel (Шаблон:IPA) in RP.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is close-mid Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are near-back Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is near-open near-front Шаблон:IPAblink. It corresponds to English Шаблон:IPA, which in most English dialects is much closer Шаблон:IPAblink. However, a similar sound of an Шаблон:IPAblink quality is used by some speakers of Ulster English.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is near-back: Шаблон:IPAblink, much like RP Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
References
Bibliography
