Английская Википедия:Global Innovation Index
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The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,Шаблон:R a British magazine. Until 2021 it was published by WIPO, in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD and other organisations and institutions.Шаблон:R It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum.Шаблон:R
History
The index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,Шаблон:R a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.[1]
Methodology
The index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index, which are composed of five and two pillars respectively. Each of these pillars describe an attribute of innovation, and comprise up to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.Шаблон:R
Since its inception in 2007, an increasing number of governments systematically analyze their annual GII results and design policy responses to improve their performance.[2][3][4][5][6] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.Шаблон:R
The index has been criticized for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that aren’t integral to innovation. For instance, “Ease of Paying Taxes“, “Electricity Output“ (half-weightage) and “Ease of Protecting Minority Investors” are factors alongside “Ease of Getting Credit” and “Venture Capital Deals“.[7]
Themes
Every two years the GII covers a theme related to innovation which goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was “Who will finance innovation?” shedding light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous GII themes covered health innovation, environmental innovation, agricultural and food innovation, and others.[8]
Ranking
The top 50 ranking for 2023:[9]
| GII rank | Country/Territory | Income group
rank |
Region | Region rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | 1 | Europe | 1 |
| 2 | Sweden | 2 | Europe | 2 |
| 3 | United States | 3 | Northern America | 1 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 4 | Europe | 3 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 5 | Europe | 4 |
| 6 | South Korea | 6 | East Asia | 1 |
| 7 | Singapore | 7 | Southeast Asia | 2 |
| 8 | Germany | 8 | Europe | 5 |
| 9 | Finland | 9 | Europe | 6 |
| 10 | Denmark | 10 | Europe | 7 |
| 11 | China | 1 | East Asia | 3 |
| 12 | France | 11 | Europe | 8 |
| 13 | Japan | 12 | East Asia | 4 |
| 14 | Hong Kong | 13 | East Asia | 5 |
| 15 | Canada | 14 | Northern America | 2 |
| 16 | Israel | 15 | Middle East | 1 |
| 17 | Austria | 16 | Europe | 9 |
| 18 | Estonia | 17 | Europe | 10 |
| 19 | Luxembourg | 18 | Europe | 11 |
| 20 | Iceland | 19 | Europe | 12 |
| 21 | Malta | 20 | Europe | 13 |
| 22 | Norway | 21 | Europe | 14 |
| 23 | Ireland | 22 | Europe | 15 |
| 24 | New Zealand | 23 | Oceania | 6 |
| 25 | Australia | 24 | Oceania | 7 |
| 26 | Belgium | 25 | Europe | 16 |
| 27 | Cyprus | 26 | Middle east | 2 |
| 28 | Italy | 27 | Europe | 17 |
| 29 | Spain | 38 | Europe | 18 |
| 30 | Czech Republic | 29 | Europe | 19 |
| 31 | United Arab Emirates | 30 | Middle east | 3 |
| 32 | Portugal | 31 | Europe | 20 |
| 33 | Slovenia | 32 | Europe | 21 |
| 34 | Hungary | 33 | Europe | 22 |
| 35 | Bulgaria | 2 | Europe | 23 |
| 36 | Malaysia | 3 | Southeast Asia | 8 |
| 37 | Turkey | 4 | Middle east | 4 |
| 38 | Poland | 34 | Europe | 24 |
| 39 | Lithuania | 35 | Europe | 25 |
| 40 | India | 1 | South Asia | 1 |
| 41 | Latvia | 36 | Europe | 25 |
| 42 | Greece | 37 | Europe | 26 |
| 43 | Thailand | 5 | Southeast Asia | 9 |
| 44 | Croatia | 38 | Europe | 27 |
| 45 | Slovakia | 6 | Europe | 1 |
| 46 | Vietnam | 39 | Southeast Asia | 28 |
| 47 | Romania | 7 | Europe | 30 |
| 48 | Saudi Arabia | 2 | Middle East | 1 |
| 49 | Brazil | 4 | South America | 1 |
| 50 | Qatar | 1 | Middle East | 2 |
See also
References
Further reading
- Global innovation rankings: The innovation game. The Economist. September 17, 2015.
Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Politics country lists
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters under the Prime Minister's Office in Japan decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, setting forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p.5):https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf
- ↑ The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12): https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
