Английская Википедия:Gloire-class ironclad

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

The Gloire-class ironclads were a group of three wooden-hulled armored frigates built for the French Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. Шаблон:Ship, the lead ship of the class, was the first ocean-going ironclad warship to be built by any country. The ships of the Gloire class were classified as armoured frigates because they only had a single gun deck and their traditional disposition of guns arrayed along the length of the hull also meant that they were broadside ironclads.

Файл:Invincible 1860.png
French ironclad Invincible

Design and description

Designed by the French naval architect Henri Dupuy de Lôme, the ships of the class were intended to fight in the line of battle, unlike the first British ironclads.[1] The ships were Шаблон:Convert long,[2] with a beam of Шаблон:Convert. They had a maximum draft of Шаблон:Convert,[3] a depth of hold of Шаблон:Convert and displaced Шаблон:Convert.[2] The ships of the class had a high metacentric height of Шаблон:Convert and consequently rolled badly.[3] With their gun ports only Шаблон:Convert above the waterline, they proved to be very wet.[4] They had a crew of 570 officers and enlisted men.[2]

The ships of the Gloire class had a single horizontal return connecting-rod compound steam engine that drove a six-bladed, Шаблон:Convert propeller.[4] The engine was powered by eight Indret[2] oval boilers and was designed for a capacity of Шаблон:Convert.[3] On sea trials, the ships exceeded Шаблон:Convert.[2] They carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal which allowed them to steam for Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[4] The Gloire-class ships were initially fitted with a light barquentine rig with three masts that had a sail area around Шаблон:Convert. This was later changed to a full ship rig of Шаблон:Convert, but later had to be reduced because excessive rolling.[3]

The ships were initially armed with 36 Modèle 1858 Шаблон:Convert rifled muzzle-loading guns, 34（14 each sides and 2 pivot mounts fore and 4 pivot mounts aft as chase guns）of which were positioned on the single gun deck in the broadside. The remaining two guns were placed on the upper deck as chase guns.[2] They fired a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of only Шаблон:Convert and proved to be ineffective against armour.[5] They were replaced by rifled breech-loading Modèle 1864 guns in 1868. Four of six 194 and eight Шаблон:Convert guns were mounted in the middle of the gun deck and a pair of remaining Шаблон:Convert guns replaced the original chase guns.[2]

The wooden hull was completely armoured with wrought iron plates Шаблон:Convert thick. Backed by the Шаблон:Convert sides of the hull, the armour extended Шаблон:Convert above the waterline and Шаблон:Convert below.[4] The Gloire-class ships had an open-topped conning tower with armour Шаблон:Convert thick and Шаблон:Convert of armour underneath the wooden upper deck.[3]

Ships

Ship Builder[3] Laid down Launched[3] Completed[2]
Шаблон:Ship Arsenal de Toulon 4 March 1858[2] 24 November 1859 August 1860
Шаблон:Ship 1 May 1858[6] 4 April 1861 March 1862
Шаблон:Ship Arsenal de Cherbourg 14 September 1858[3] 10 March 1860 13 May 1862

Service

All three ships of the class had very uneventful careers, spending the bulk of their time with the Mediterranean Fleet aside from a few excursions to foreign waters.[7] Normandie supported the French intervention in Mexico in 1862, the first ironclad to cross the Atlantic. They were active during the Franco-Prussian War, but saw no action. Gloire, the only ship built with seasoned timber lasted the longest, not being condemned and broken up until 1879. Her sister ships only lasted a decade in service before they were too rotten for any further use and were condemned in 1871–1872 and subsequently broken up.[3]

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Gloire class ironclad Шаблон:French ironclads

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  1. ↑ Gardiner, p. 54
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 Gille, p. 23
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 Campbell, p. 286
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 de Balincourt & Vincent-Bréchignac, Part I, p. 14
  5. ↑ Gardiner, p. 159
  6. ↑ Silverstone, p. 101
  7. ↑ Gille, pp. 22–23
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