Английская Википедия:Glossary of Shinto

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Шаблон:Cleanup Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations neededШаблон:Dynamic list This is the glossary of Shinto, including major terms on the subject. Words followed by an asterisk (*) are illustrated by an image in one of the photo galleries.

Шаблон:Compact ToC Шаблон:Shinto

A

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A red papier-mâché cow bobblehead toy; a kind of engimono and an omiyage (a regional souvenir in Japan) that is considered symbolic of Aizu.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of fan held by aristocratic women of the Heian period when formally dressed; it is brightly painted with tassels and streamers on the ends. Held today in Shinto by a miko in formal costume for festivals. See also hiôgi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The term's meaning is not limited to moral evil, and includes misfortune, inferiority and unhappiness.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A malevolent fire spirit, demon or devil.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Also known as the Akujin, the Kibi-no-Ananowatari-no-Kami and as the Anato-no-Kami, Akuru is a malevolent kami that is mentioned in the Keikoki (records regarding the time of the Emperor Keiko), the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), and the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A malevolent spirit, demon or devil.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A spell or command to dispel a malevolent spirit, demon, or devil. One of the earliest uses of this phrase can be seen in Dōjōji.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The divine/deva realm of incarnation, the highest realm on the Wheel of Reincarnation.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See hōko.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A (living) being who is an incarnation of a divine being; an avatar.
  • Amano-Iwato (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – In Shinto, Amano-Iwato is the name of the cave where Amaterasu fled after the violent actions of Susanoo caused the death of one of her weavers. Thus, the land was deprived of light, and mononoke from hell were free to roam the lands and wreak havoc. It took the other kami to lure her out again, restoring the sun to the world.
  • Amatsu-Mikaboshi (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit), also-known-as Шаблон:Nihongo – Originally a rebellious Shinto god who would not submit to the will of the other Amatsukami. Under Chinese Buddhist influence,[2] the god was identified with Myōken, either as the Pole Star or Venus, before being combined with the god of all stars, Шаблон:Nihongo3. In some versions, Amatsu-Mikaboshi was born from the blood of Kagutsuchi spilt by Izanagi, after Kagutsuchi's birth. Amatsu-Mikaboshi is mentioned in passing in the Nihon Shoki as being subdued by Takemikazuchi, during the latter's conquest of the land of Izumo.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An oni-like creature in Japanese folklore; the amanojaku is thought to be able to provoke a person's darkest desires, and can instigate them into perpetrating wicked deeds. Similar to Amanozako. See also jaki and jama.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Shinto, it is the bridge connecting Earth and Takamagahara.
  • Amanozako (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – A goddess mentioned in the Kujiki, which states that she originated when Susanoo let his ara-mitama build up inside him until he vomited her out. Similar to amanojaku.
  • Amaterasu Ōmikami (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – The Shinto sun goddess, tutelary kami and ancestor of the Emperor, enshrined at Ise Shrine.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Kami from Takamagahara.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term for tsumi specifically committed against heaven. For example, the crimes committed by Susanoo-no-Mikoto against Amaterasu are considered amatsu tsumi. The corresponding concept to amatsu tsumi is kunitsu tsumi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The spear used by Izanagi and Izanami to raise the primordial landmass, Onogoro-shima, from the sea; it is often depicted as a naginata.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The Shinto goddess of the dawn, mirth, meditation, revelry and the arts, and the wife of Sarutahiko Ōkami. See also Otafuku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A small portable table or platform used during Shinto ceremonies to bear offerings. It may have four, eight or sixteen legs.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See seishinkai.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of omamori, specifically for safety, particularly safety at work, frequently requested from a kami, and in fact corporations often have a tutelary shrine specifically to ensure their business prospers.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the three main annual festivals held in Kyoto, Japan (the other two being the Festival of the Ages (Jidai Matsuri) and the Gion Festival). It is a festival of the two kamo shrines in the north of the city: Shimogamo Shrine and Kamigamo Shrine. The festival may also be referred to as the Kamo Festival. It is held on 15 May of each year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The rough and violent side of the mitama.[3] The ara-mitama is associated with the colours black and purple, and the cardinal direction north. Ama-no-Zako is actually the incarnated ara-mitama of Susanoo-no-Mikoto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An itinerant miko that is not in service to a particular shrine, and wanders throughout the country performing services where needed, and living off-of charity.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Shinto, this term is applied to the plane of existence that exists between Takamagahara and Yomi, or the realm of the living. The term became another word for the country or the location of Japan itself. The term can be used interchangeably with Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Shinto-Buddhism, a-un is the transliteration in Japanese of the two syllables "a" and "hūṃ", written in Devanagari as Шаблон:Script (the syllable, Om). See also Nio and Gozu and Mezu.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An umbrella term that covers ghosts, phantoms, phantasms, apparitions and illusions, goblins, monsters, demons, devils and any kind of supernatural beasts and beings; the corporeal and the incorporeal; real or fantasy; ayakashi is a term more specific for yōkai that appear above the surface of some body of water. See also rinka, shiranui, will-o'-the-wisp, and St. Elmo's fire.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – a sacred bow used in certain Shinto rituals in Japan, as well as a Japanese musical bow; made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch tree (Betula grossa). Playing an azusa yumi forms part of some Shinto rituals; in Japan, it is universally believed that merely the twanging of the bowstring will frighten ghosts and evil spirits away from a house.

B

C

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Forked decorations common at the ends of the roof of shrines.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of ceremonial overcoat with a long white hem worn by a Miko in certain Shinto ceremonies; similar to a Kannushi's Jōe over-robes.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The tutelary kami or tutelary shrine of a certain area or Buddhist temple; see also chinjusha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – a small shrine dedicated to the tutelary kami of an area or building[1] (see also Chinju).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Long, thin sticks of red-and-white candy—which symbolizes healthy growth and longevity—sold at festivals for children, specifically for Shichi-Go-San. Chitose ame is given in a bag decorated with a crane and a turtle—which represent long life in Japan. Chitose ame is wrapped in thin, clear, and edible rice paper film that resembles plastic.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Paper lanterns always present at Shinto festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Butterflies native to Japan and to Japanese culture. The chōchō is also featured among engimono (above).It is seen as lucky, especially if seen in pairs; if a symbol contains two butterflies dancing around each other, it is a symbol of marital happiness.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The mortal, animal realm of incarnation, the third-lowest realm on the wheel of reincarnation. See also rinne.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Usually made of stone, a chōzubachi is a water bowl, is a vessel used to rinse the hands in Japanese temples, shrines and gardens; see also Chōzuya.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Shinto water ablution pavilion for a ceremonial purification rite. The pavilion contains a large water-filled basin called a chōzu-bachi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Shinto ritual performed for converting ara-mitama into nigi-mitama, quelling maleficent spirits, prevent misfortune and alleviate fear from events and circumstances that could not otherwise be explained; i.e. Ara-mitama that failed to achieve deification due to lack of sufficient veneration, or who lost their divinity following attrition of worshipers, became yōkai.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Shinto Matsuri (a festival) performed for converting ara-mitama into nigi-mitama, quelling maleficent spirits, preventing misfortune and alleviating fear from events and circumstances that could not otherwise be explained.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.

D

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A ceremony marking the beginning of an emperor's reign in which he offers first fruits to ancestors, including Amaterasu.[1]
  • Daikokuten (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – A syncretic god, part of the Seven Lucky God fusing Mahakala, and Ōkuninushi.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The fifth level of Jigoku; sinners who have committed murder (even the murder of small creatures such as insects), theft, degeneration, drunkenness, and lying are sent here.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The seventh level of Jigoku. Sinners who have committed murder (even the murder of small creatures such as insects), theft, degeneration, drunkenness, lying, blasphemy, and rape are sent here.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – a Japanese hand-held pellet drum that is used in Shinto-Buddhist ceremonies.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A group of liminal kami and Buddhist gods, protectors of roads, borders, boundaries and other places of transition.[1]
  • Dojin (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – Another name for any Shinto earth deity.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Large Japanese bronze bells smelted from relatively thin bronze and richly decorated. See also bonshō, rin, and suzu.

E

F

G

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Ancient court music that was introduced into Japan with Buddhism from the Korean peninsula and China; now played for Shinto and Buddhist rituals and ceremonies.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The "hungry ghost" realm of incarnation, the second-lowest realm on the wheel of reincarnation. See rinne.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A supernatural box that is used to hold Shinto paraphernalia, particular to a given jinja; such contents include dolls, animal and human skulls, and Shinto rosaries/prayer beads.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Gogyo (五元) – The Five Elements.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – One of the three main annual festivals held in Kyoto, Japan (the other two being the Aoi Matsuri and the Jidai Festival). Gion Matsuri is one of the largest festivals in Japan for purification and pacification of disease-causing-entities. It takes place on 17 and 24 July.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A wooden wand decorated with two shide and used in Shinto rituals as a yorishiro.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The Shinto-Buddhist equivalent of an aureola or halo. See also tenne.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See jōdo.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Buddhist god that chooses to appear as a Japanese kami to take the Japanese to spiritual salvation, and a name sometimes used for shrines (e.g. "Tokusō Gongen") before the shinbutsu bunri.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A shrine structure in which the haiden, the heiden and the honden are connected under the same roof in the shape of an H.* See also Ishi-no-ma-zukuri.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A soul, angry for having died violently or unhappy, which needs to be pacified through Buddhist rites or enshrinement, like Sugawara no Michizane;[1] vengeful Japanese ghosts from the aristocratic classes, especially those who have been martyred.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The five annual cultural festivals that were traditionally held in the Japanese imperial court. The Gosekku were originally adapted from Chinese practices and first celebrated in Japan in the Nara period in the 8th–10th centuries CE. The festivals were held until the beginning of the Meiji era.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Buddhist name of Susanoo, considered an avatar of Bhaisajyaguru.[1]
  • Gozu and Mezu (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – In Shinto-Buddhism, Gozu and Mezu are the Japanese names for Niútóu and Mǎmiàn, two guardians of the underworld in Chinese and Shinto-Buddhist mythology. Both have the bodies of men, but Gozu has the head of an ox while Mezu has the face of a horse. They are the first beings a dead soul encounters upon entering Jigoku; in many stories they directly escort the newly dead to the underworld.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A suffix of some shrine names indicating it enshrines a member of the imperial family.[1] Hachiman-gū shrines, for instance, enshrine Emperor Ōjin.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An item associated with leadership and ceremonial significance, back in Ancient Japan; wielded by royalty, aristocracy, daimyo, military leaders, and kannushi; nowadays used by umpires in sumo.

H

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A syncretic tutelary kami of the warrior class. First enshrined at Usa Hachiman-gū, it consists of three separate figures: Emperor Ōjin, his mother, and his wife Himegami.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Shinto architectural style in which two parallel structures with gabled roofs are connecting on the non-gabled side forming a single building which, when seen from the side, gives the impression of two.[4]
  • Hagoromo (羽衣, Шаблон:Lit) – The stole-like, feathered, heavenly kimono or mantle of tennin (see below), spiritual beings found in Japanese Shinto-Buddhism; hagoromo allowed the tennin wearing them to fly.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A shrine building dedicated to prayer, and the only one of a shrine open to laity.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of traditional Japanese clothing; originally inspired from kù (Шаблон:Lang-zh), trousers used by the Chinese imperial court in the Sui and Tang dynasties. This style was adopted by the Japanese in the form of the hakama, beginning in the sixth century.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Stemming from Taoism, haku is the complement of kon, and is the life force that is attached to the body, and returns to the earth after death.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The soul or spirit of a person who has usually just died.
  • Hakusan – Collective name given to three mountains worshiped as kami and sacred to the Shugendō.[5] Hakusan shrines are common all over Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Decorative arrows bought for good luck at Shinto shrines at New Year's and kept at home all year.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A sacred bow.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A theory conceived by Yoshida Kanetomo which reversed the standard honji suijaku theory, asserting Buddhist gods were avatars of Japanese kami.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A flowered-hat worn by miko during festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A female yōkai found in Japanese folklore (and in kagura and Noh), and is most often described as a monstrous oni of a female; a hannya is a yōkai who was originally once a normal mortal human woman, but one who has become so overcome with her jealousy that it has metaphorically consumed her, followed by literally transforming her.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – General term for rituals of purification in Shinto.[1] Methods of purification include misogi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A place where ritual purification is performed.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Kami of purification. Amongst the many kami born when Izanagi performed misogi in order to cleanse the netherworld filth on him after he had returned from his futile attempt to retrieve his late consort, Izanami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – an ōnusa having a hexagonal or octagonal wand.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See an.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The first shrine visit of the New Year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The first sunrise of the New Year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The first dream that a person has in the New Year. In Shinto, it is believed that the subjects of the first dreams of the year are representative of what one's upcoming year will be like.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A section of a shrine where offerings are presented to the gods.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See also go-hei.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Small bottles used for holding offerings, such as sake; numbered amongst the shingu for holding offerings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Temporary sacred spaces or altars used to worship. Himorogi are usually areas demarcated with green bamboo or sakaki at the four corners supporting shimenawa.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A ceremony held on 3 March, celebrating the women of Japan, as well as expressing wishes for their continued good health. Originally celebrated as the "Peach Festival", it became known as Hina-Matsuri during the reign of Empress Meishō.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Fireballs whose presence indicate supernatural activity.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A fan used originally by Heian aristocrats, and today by Shinto priests in formal settings.[1] See also akomeôgi (above)
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A style of construction in which the building has its main entrance on the side that runs parallel to the roof's ridge (non gabled-side). The shinmei-zukuri, nagare-zukuri, hachiman-zukuri, and hie-zukuri styles belong to this type.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Numbered amongst the shingu (tools used in shrine altars and home altars) for holding offerings, specifically one for holding rice and one for holding salt.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A human sacrifice, buried alive under or near large-scale buildings like dams, bridges and castles. Hitobashira can also refer to workers who were buried alive under inhumane conditions.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The wayward soul of a human being who has already died.
  • Hitorigami (独神, Шаблон:Lit) – Shinto kami who came into being alone, as opposed to those who came into being as male-female pairs.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Offerings made to a kami, usually consisting in heihaku, but sometimes of jewels, money, weapons or other objects.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A soft-bodied doll given to young women of age and pregnant women in Japan as an amulet to protect both the new mother and the unborn child.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An extremely small shrine. One of the earliest words for shrine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Another name for Kagutsuchi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Also called shinden (神殿) ("divine hall"), the honden is the most sacred building of a shrine, intended for the exclusive use of the enshrined kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A theory dominant for centuries in Japan according to which Japanese kami are local manifestations of Indian gods.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Located only within a jingū, the main shrine enshrining the principal kami, as opposed to betsugū, sessha or massha. The term includes haiden, heiden and honden.[1] See also honsha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The main shrine of a shrine complex. It is followed hierarchically by sessha and massha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An obsolete term for the role driving away devils at a religious ceremony, or the driver of the hearse carrying the coffin of a deceased emperor, back in ancient Japan; a ritual exorcist fulfilling a role in a funeral, called tsuina (see below). Originally a Tang dynasty Chinese custom, later adopted by the Japanese during the Heian period.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term meaning either Buddha or dead soul. While Buddhist in origin, the term is used in the second sense by all Japanese religions.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Sometimes present as a point of reference for the hyakudomairi near the entrance of a shrine or Buddhist temple.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A worshiper with a special prayer will visit the shrine a hundred times. After praying, they must go at least back to the entrance or around a hyakudoishi for the next visit to be counted as separate.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Possession, specifically possession by a spirit or a kami.

Gallery: A to H

I

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of curse from Okinawa; it is a type of ikiryō—-a spirit of a still-living person which leaves the body to haunt its victim. An ichijama is enacted using a special doll known as an ichijama butokii. See also Ushi no Koku Mairi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A doll used to enact an ichijama curse.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See Benzaiten.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A philosophy within Shinto in which one's soul consists of a whole spirit called Шаблон:Nihongo that is connected with the heaven and the shikon: the ara-mitama, kushi-mitama, nigi-mitama, and saki-mitama.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A placard used to designate the seat of a deity or past ancestor. The name of the deity or past ancestor is usually inscribed onto the tablet. With origins in traditional Chinese culture, the spirit tablet is a common sight in many East Asian countries where any form of ancestor veneration is practiced.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A set of official robes worn by aristocrats and court officials of the Heian-era court. Worn today in Shinto by a kannushi in formal costume for festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – In Japanese popular belief, folklore and fiction, it refers to a disembodied spirit that leaves the body of a person who is still living and subsequently haunts other people or places, sometimes across great distances..
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Something to be avoided, particularly to a ceremony.[1] See also kegare and tsumi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Words to be avoided in certain occasions.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The Shinto kami of fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, industry, and worldly success. Inari's shrines can be identified by the stone foxes which adorn it.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A festival to remember and pacify the spirits of war dead that takes place at Yasukuni Shrine and other shrines built to the purpose.[1]
  • Ise Shrine (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – A shrine in Mie prefecture considered one of the holiest Shinto sites.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The blind female shamans from northwest Honshu who act as a link between human beings and kami, echoing what was probably the former role of miko in Shinto.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A rock where a kami has been invited to descend for worship. See yorishiro.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The brother-husband of Izanami, Izanagi is one of the Japanese creator kami; according to the Nihongi and Kojiki, he gave birth to Japan,[1] and is the father of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi and Susanoo.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The sister-wife of Izanagi. She is one of the Japanese creator kami, according to the Nihongi and Kojiki, gave birth to Japan,[1] later dying in childbirth with her last child, Kagutsuchi, who burned her alive and sent her to the Underworld, Izanami becomes a kami of death.

J

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An oni-like creature in Japanese folklore, thought to be able to provoke a person's darkest desires. Similar to the amanojaku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of purity in Shinto and the practice of enlightenment in Buddhism.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A ceremony held by a Shinto priest on a site before the start of construction on the behalf of owners and workers to pacify and appease local spirits.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the three main annual festivals held in Kyoto, Japan (the other two being the Aoi Matsuri and the Gion Festival). It is held on October 22 every year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The Shinto-Buddhist version of Hell (the Japanese name for Diyu). Similar to the Nine Rings of Hell in Dante's Inferno, Jigoku has eight levels.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Japanese Buddhism, jikininki are the spirits of greedy, selfish, or impious individuals who are cursed after death to seek out and eat human corpses. See also gaki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In the ritsuryō system, the part of government responsible for festivals.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A shrine enshrining a member of the Imperial family, like Meiji Jingū, which enshrines the deified spirits of Emperor Meiji and Empress Shōken.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A temple whose existence is supposed to help the soul of the kami the shrine next to it enshrines.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The most general name for a shrine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, especially a combined shrine/temple complex.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A reversal of the Meiji period's jinja gappei. Not to be confused with jinja fukushi.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A form of unofficial and illegal restoration of a merged shrine. See jinja-gappei.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A policy begun in the early 1900s, when half the shrines were merged with the remainder and disappeared.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Also known as the Association of Shinto Shrines, it is a group that includes most of the Shinto shrines in Japan.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A hotel-like building inside large shrines used for weddings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Originally a synonym of State Shinto (Kokka Shinto below), it is now a term criticized by specialists as problematic.[1] When applied to post-war Shinto, it means the beliefs and practices associated to shrines, particularly those associated with the Association of Shinto Shrines.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A temple's tutelary shrine. See also chinjusha (above) and jinja-bukkaku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A formal over-garment worn by kannushi during religious ceremonies; a silk kariginu.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Shinto ceremony held when raising the main beam that forms the ridge of the roof.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The custom of visiting a fixed series of 33 or 88 shrines or temples, or shrines-&-temples.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The term most commonly used for either of two major types of pilgrimages in Japan, in accordance with Buddhism or Shinto. These pilgrimages can be made as a visit to a group of temples, shrines, or other holy sites, in a particular order, often in a circuit of 33 or 88 sites.

K

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Shinto, the sound made by the kabura-ya in mid-flight is thought to ward-off evil influences; like the hamaya, the kabura-ya is used in Shinto cleansing rites of sites, shrine grounds, and parks.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A helmet—complete with a suit of armour—sometimes dedicated to shrines, and indicative of a kami's power to ward-off and protect from negative influences.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – New Year decorations placed in pairs in front of homes to welcome the kami of the harvest.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Often used in Shinto worship; originally bronze mirrors were used (see also shinkyō), having been introduced to Japan from China; the most famous example of mirrors in Shinto is the Yata no Kagami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Another name for Kagatsuchi.
  • Kagome crest (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – An apotropaic mark, specifically hexagrams and octagrams featured in Shinto shrines, including the Ise Grand Shrine, to ward off negative and malevolent influences and evil spirits.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of Shinto dance with deep ties to the Emperor and his family, accompanied by instruments, which is also called mikagura (御神楽). It is also a type of Shinto dance performed at shrines during religious rites, and is also called satokagura (里神楽).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – a pavilion or stage dedicated to the performing of the kagura. Also called maidono or buden (舞殿).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – a set of twelve bells used in kagura.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Candle holders, also called Шаблон:Nihongo3. They are designed for burning tiny white candles that are lit whenever one visits the kamidana for prayers. Some people use little electric lanterns instead of candles.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The Shinto fire god and patron deity of blacksmiths and ceramic workers.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A divinity of the blacksmith's forge.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A traditional overcoat-robe worn by Shinto monks.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term for a hidden form, invisible form; metaphysical form (of a deity). Also known as kakurimi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Refers to the worlds of kami and the dead.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 a kami which lives in people's ovens.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term broadly meaning spirit or deity, but has several separate meanings:
    • deities mentioned in Japanese mythologies and local deities protecting areas, villages and families.[6]
    • unnamed and non-anthropomorphic spirits found in natural phenomena.[6]
    • a general sense of sacred power.[6]
    • according to Motoori Norinaga, a kami is "any thing or phenomenon that produces the emotions of fear and awe, with no distinction between good and evil".Шаблон:Citation needed
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A lunar calendar month corresponding roughly to October. Because it is believed that in that month all kami go to Izumo Taisha, it is called "month with gods" in Izumo.[1] See also Kannazuki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A miniature shrine placed or hung high on a wall in some Japanese homes.
  • Kamikakushi (神隠し) – A term used to refer to the mysterious disappearance or death of a person that happens when an angered god takes a person away. Japanese folklore contains numerous tales of humans abducted to the spirit world by kami. See also tengu-kakushi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The two major typhoons that dispersed Mongol-Koryo fleets who invaded Japan under Kublai Khan in 1274.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The first part of a typical festival.[1] The spirit is usually invited to a himorogi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A specific kind of omamori meant to safeguard the safety of one's family.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – a god of blacksmiths, mainly in Chugoku Region (Shintoism).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A process through which a kami is transferred to a new shrine. See also bunrei.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – One of two magical gems that Ryūjin used to control the tides; its counterpart is the Manju.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A thin jacket for girls of the aristocracy of the Heian period. Now worn by miko in formal attire for ceremonies and festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A formal traditional headdress worn by the Japanese emperor and by aristocratic men of the Heian period when formally dressed. Today, it in worn in Shinto by a kannushi in formal costume for formal ceremonies and festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Another word for Shinto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Another name for Shinto used before World War II.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See also Kamiarizuki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Shinto priest who is a master of shrine ceremonies, rituals, and festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A style of cloak, originally the costume that Heian-era nobles wore when they went out hunting, which became the nobles’ daily casual clothes. Worn today in Shinto by a kannushi in formal costume for rituals, ceremonies and festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See also katsuogi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The tutelary kami (ujigami) of the entire Yamato province.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The architectural style of Kasuga-taisha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A sword, sometimes dedicated to shrines (along with other weapons, such as naginata and spears), and indicative of a kami's power to ward off negative influences.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A traditional Japanese doll, made of materials like paper or straw, used in certain purification rituals, used as a substitute for a person, as the target for a prayer or curse cast against them.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A style of short decorative poles on a shrine's roof set at a right angle to the roof's ridgepole. See also kasoegi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The kami of latrines, toilets, waterclosets, and feces.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of pointed hat originally worn by Heian-era aristocrats and samurai. It is now worn by kannushi as formalwear for occasions such as festivals and weddings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – a restriction in access to a specific area, barred-off often for the purposes of training &/or purification in esoteric Buddhism (and Hinduism).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The world that one can see without any kind of supernatural gift; the world of the living.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term used to refer to the union of opposites.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of lesser kami or yōkai who serves a higher-ranked kami or yōkai.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A vital force forming part of any living entity. See also haku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An oni woman from Japanese legends. See also onibabā (below) and yama-uba (below).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Based on the assignment of the twelve zodiac animals to the cardinal directions, the direction of northeast, known as the direction of Шаблон:Nihongo3, is also-known-as the direction of Kimon; one theory is that the oni's cowlike horns and tigerskin loincloth developed as a visual depiction of this term. According to Taoism and esoteric onmyōdō, the northeasterly direction is considered an unlucky direction through which evil spirits pass, and, as-such, is termed as Kimon; having to travel in this direction was seen as a bad omen for a journey.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – defilement due to natural phenomena, for example the contact with dead bodies. The opposite of kegare is kiyomi. See also imi (above) and tsumi (below).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The architectural style of Kibitsu Shrine in Okayama prefecture, characterized by a huge honden divided in three parts with an interior painted in vermilion, black and gold.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A ritual (i.e. during shihobarai) of banishing evil spirits and other negative influences, which can be achieved by the strumming of bows, such as a hama yumi and an azusa yumi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A mythical creature in Asian mythology; in Shinto, the kirin are considered messengers of the kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Japanese goddess of good fortune, wealth and prosperity. Adapted, via Buddhism, from the Hindu goddess Lakshmi. Kisshōten is sometimes named as one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, replacing either Jurōjin or Fukurokuju.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Animal believed to have magical powers and to be a messenger to Inari. Inari shrines are always protected by statues of foxes, sometimes wearing red votive bibs.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The atmospheric ghost lights mentioned in legends all across Japan outside Okinawa Prefecture.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The kitsune no yomeiri can refer to several things: atmospheric ghost lights; a sunshower; and various strange wedding processions that can be seen in classical Japanese kaidan, essays, and legends. The kitsune-no-yomeiri is always closely related to foxes.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The concept of purity within Shinto, the state in which all beings start-out as at birth, and can return to again by undergoing acts of harae, such as misogi. The opposite of kiyomi is kegare.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A lay worship group focusing on a particular kami or sacred location which may perform pilgrimages and other rites.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Originally currency in the Edo period. In modern times, they are sold as engimono from Shinto shrines, or, at-least, symbolically, gold-foil cardboard versions are given in the place of the solid-gold ingots, particularly as decorations for a kumade, both attained from Shinto shrines for good fortune in business.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Shinto as defined by post-Meiji nationalist.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A university located near Ise Shrine that is one of two universities authorized to train Shinto priests.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An early Japanese written chronicle of myths, legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 711–712 AD. Similar to the Nihon Shoki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Japanese translation of the English term State Shinto created in 1945 by the US occupation forces to define the post-Meiji religious system in Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The essence of a thing or being.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Tokyo university that is one of two authorized to train Shinto priests.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The second level of Jigoku, where sinners,who have committed murder and theft are .
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Stone warden maned-dogs usually present at the entrance of a shrine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Stemming from Taoism, kon is the part of the soul that goes to heaven and is able to leave the body, carrying with it an appearance of physical form; the subliminal self. See also tamashii.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Attire of the Heian court, now worn by kannushi in formal functions.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A ritual weapon, resembling a yawara and a vajra-mushti.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An itinerant kami from onmyōdō. Konjin is associated with compass directions, and said to change position with the year, lunar month, and season.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See busshitsukai.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Every living human has both a kon and a haku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Offerings of white rice made at Shinto shrines and a household's kamidana. See also ō-kome.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The collective name for the first Kami which came into existence at the time of the creation of the universe, according to the Kokiji. They were came into being up in Takamagahara at the time of creation. Unlike later gods, these deities were born without any procreation. See also Amatsukami (above).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A miko acting as a spirit medium.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Shinto kami of local knowledge and agriculture, represented in Japanese mythology as a scarecrow, who cannot walk but has comprehensive self-awareness and omniscience.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A system of mudras and associated mantras that consist of nine syllables.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A system of mudras and associated mantras that consist of nine syllables, based on Kuji-in.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A rake; a smaller, handheld, decorated version is sold as an engimono and is believed to be able to, literally, rake-in good-fortune &/or rake-out bad-fortune for the user.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Synonymous with heaven; in the event that a household kamidana cannot be installed in the highest point of the house, the Kanji for 'Cloud' is written on a piece of paper and affixed above the kamidana; doing this lets the kami know that, while they should be enshrined at the highest point, circumstances prevent this from being-so.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A kami considered to be the most important by Yoshida Kanetomo and considered important also by Watarai Shinto.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term for tsumi specifically committed on Earth. The corresponding concept is amatsu tsumi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The wise and experienced side of a mitama. The kushi-mitama is associated with the colours blue and green, and with the cardinal direction of east.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Originating from ancient Japanese culture, kusudama were used for incense and potpourri; possibly originally being actual bunches of flowers or herbs. They are now typically used as decorations or as gifts.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A phrase used in the Japanese language to ward off lightning. It is analogous to the English phrase "knock on wood" to prevent bad luck.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A label applied to certain sects by the Meiji government to give them an official status.[1]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The fourth level of Jigoku, where sinners, who have committed murder, theft, degeneration, and drunkenness are sent.

Gallery: I to K

M

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A fish native to Japan. It is also featured among Engimono (above), as its red colour is seen as auspicious. The madai is often seen with Ebisu, as he is the patron kami of fisherman and one of the Seven Lucky Gods.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A comma-shaped jewel, often used as a yorishiro. See also Yasakani no Magatama.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – One of two magical gems that Ryūjin used to control the tides; its counterpart is the Kanju.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A protective and good luck talisman.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A concept of a spiritual or divine being that visits from the 'other world' (takai, a term for the Japanese afterlife) at specific times and, thus, must be shown the height of hospitality.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A synonym of sessha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A ward against evil.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Another name for Yomi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Another word for Yomi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the seven-plus Virtues of Bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A woman who helps kannushi in their work, or a woman possessing magic powers and capable of giving fortunes.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A divine palanquin.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An ascetic practice of ritual ablution purification.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The spirit of a kami or the soul of a dead person.[7] The opposite of mitama is tamashii. See also ara-mitama, kushi-mitama, nigi-mitama and saki-mitama.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term that often defines a shrine enshrining a special kami or a member of the Imperial household, for example an empress. See also Ō-miya (below)
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A traditional rite of passage for newborns held at a shrine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A small, droplet-shaped vessel, used for holding offerings of fresh water on a kamidama, and is to be changed daily; belongs to the shingu for holding offerings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A traditional activity for occasions like Japanese New-Year, rice is pounded into mochi and is eaten in hopes of gaining good fortune over the coming year. The activity is associated with the moon, jade, or golden rabbit, which according to East-Asian folklore, is said to pound rice (or the elixir of life) in its mortar and pestle, at the behest of the kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The Japanese traditional festival and custom of enjoying the transient beauty of leaves changing colour in the autumn; the Japanese tradition of going to visit scenic areas where leaves have turned red in the autumn; particularly maple tree leaves.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A monsterous apparition; a monster.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A wood, a forest, a grove, specifically a grove or forest on shrine grounds. It reflects close relationship between trees and shrines. Tree worship is common in Shinto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The soul or spirit of a deceased human with no living connections amongst the living; the dead who have no living relatives); similarly to gaki and jikininki, a muenbotoke can be appeased by a sagaki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The eighth and deepest level of Jigoku, where sinners that have committed murder, theft, degeneration, drunkenness, lying, blasphemy, and rape, parricide, and assassination of holy men are sent.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the Shinto kami of creation; also known as the kami of matchmaking, love, and marriages.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term in Shinto for the spiritual influences that produces all the things in the universe and helps them develop and complete their cycle.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term that refers to a title, historically applied to kami and their shrines. See also sannō.

N

  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Ritual purification ceremonies held where participants make dolls out of materials such as paper or straw and send them on a boat down a river, carrying one's impurities and sin with them.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A polearm, sometimes dedicated to shrines (along with other weapons, such as katana and spears), and indicative of a kami's power to ward off negative influences.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In traditional Japanese folklore is a demon-like being, portrayed by men wearing hefty oni masks and traditional straw capes during a New Year's ritual.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A traditional meal of congee and herbs served on Nanakusa-no-Sekku. The seven herbs are Japanese parsley, shepherd's purse, Pseudognaphalium affine, chickweed, nipplewort, turnips, and daikon.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the five annual traditional festivals held throughout the year. It is observed on 7 January.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Seven mountains revered as sacred in Shinto and Buddhism; they are: Mount Fuji, Mount Haku, Mount Tate, Mount Ōmine, Mount Shakka, Mount Daisen, and Mount Ishizuchi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The Hell realm of incarnation, the lowest and worst realm on the wheel of reincarnation. See rinne.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Shinto-Buddhist rosary; a string or necklace of beads used for prayers.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term referring to a netherworld or limbo in Japanese mythology, like the Sanzu River. It is sometimes considered to be identical to Yomi, but darker, as well as Tokoyo-no-kuni.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The friendly and cooperative side of a complete mitama. It is associated with the colour white and the cardinal direction of west.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An early Japanese written chronicle of myths, legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 720 AD. Similar to the Kojiki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The human realm of incarnation, the third-highest realm on the wheel of reincarnation. See Rinne (below).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – In Shinto-Buddhism, nio is the Japanese name for the Kongōrikishi, the two wrathful and muscular guardians of the Buddha standing at the entrance of many Buddhist temples. See also a-un, and Gozu and Mezu.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – liturgical texts or ritual incantations in Shinto, usually addressed to a given kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Written spells for blessings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Written spells for curses.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Ceremonial pieces of paper wrapped in a sheet of coloured paper folded in a long hexagonal shape that are attached to gifts and presents offered on festive occasions in Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See ōnusa; a wooden wand used in Shinto rituals. It is decorated with many shide.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A wish-fulfilling jewel within both Hindu and Buddhist traditions, and the Eastern equivalent of the philosopher's stone in Western alchemy. It is one of several Mani Jewel images found in Buddhist scripture. The Nyoihōju is commonly-depicted within the hands of Kisshōten, as-well-as in the hands of a bodhisattva in art.

O

  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An apparition or spectre.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Written paper spells, amulets and talismans. See also omamori.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Also called Otafuku. It is a mask that depicts the face of a woman who has a short nose and swollen round cheeks.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Offerings of white rice made at Shinto shrines and a household's kamidana. See also kome.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – When a baby is 100 days old, Japanese families celebrate a weaning ceremony called Ō-Kuizome. This ceremony traditionally involves a large shared meal prepared by the mother-in-law.
  • Ōkuninushi (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – see Daikokuten.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term referring to the moment at twilight, when the sky grows dark. Ōmagatoki is the time when chimimōryō, the evil spirits of the mountains and rivers, attempt to materialise in the World of the Living.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – amulets and talismans available at shrines and temples for particular purposes, for example health or success in business.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An overcoat robe used for Shinto services.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Offerings of white rice wine made at Shinto shrines and a household's kamidana. It is often consumed as part of Shinto purification rituals. See also sake.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – fortunes written on strips of paper that are often found at shrines wrapped around tree branches.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – In one interpretation of an oni, they are a kind of yōkai, whereas another interpretation of an oni is as something completely separate from a yōkai (although both are supernatural monsters). See also jikininki and gaki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An oni woman from Japanese legends. See also kijo and yama-uba.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of atmospheric ghost light in legends of Japan; according to folklore, they can be anything from fires caused by oni, to the spirits born from the corpses of humans and animals. They are also said to be resentful people that have become fire and appeared.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of roof ornamentation found in Japanese architecture. They are generally roof tiles or statues depicting an oni. Prior to the Heian period, similar ornaments with floral and plant designs (hanagawara) preceded the onigawara.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term similar to kamikakushi and tengukakushi (below), referring-to the mysterious disappearance or death of a person without warning or without a trace.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A mantra for driving-off malevolent spirits, demons or devils that cause ill fortune to allow good fortune to work unimpeded.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A traditional Japanese esoteric cosmology; a mixture of natural science and occultism.
  • Onmyōji (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – A practitioner of onmyōdō.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A governmental office of onmyōdō that was responsible for timekeeping and calendar-making. They also documented and analysed omens and fortunes.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A type of vengeful spirit; a poltergeist.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A string of prayer beads commonly used in Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Shinto for the spiritual practice known in Sanskrit as japa.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Wooden wands used in rituals. Decorated with many shide, they are waved left and right during ceremonies.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Also known as osechi-ryōri (御節料理 or お節料理), an osechi is a traditional spread of Japanese New Year foods. The tradition started in the Heian period (794–1185). Osechi are recognizable by their jūbako (重箱), which resemble bentō boxes. Osechi includes dishes like ozōni.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – When a baby turns seven days old, families officially name the baby. The mother, the father, and the grandparents are often involved in this process.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A mask that represents a smiling Japanese woman with large, rosy cheeks. Otafuku is also known as Ame-no-Uzume
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – See also Taisha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A traditional Japanese four-legged tray used to carry food offerings.

Gallery: M to O

R

S

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An altar or a structure to make offerings to kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The utensils used in religious ceremonies, including the sanbō, oshiki, hassoku-an, and takatsuki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of flowering evergreen tree native to Japan that is sacred in Shinto. Cuttings of sakaki, called tamagushi, are often offered as offerings at shrines and in rituals. Cuttings are also displayed on either side of a kamidana as offerings.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A pair of small, white vases, used for displaying cuttings of sakaki are displayed on either side of a kamidana as offerings and at rituals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting white rice.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The happy and loving side of a complete mitama. It is associated with the colours red and pink, and with the cardinal direction of south.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A stand used to bear food offerings, usually made of unpainted Japanese cypress.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Offerings of money given by worshipers.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo - rituals.[8][9]
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A custom in Japan; rhythmic-clapping hands—and shouting-loudly—when celebrating. This is done when people are celebrating the successful end of an event.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The path leading from a torii to a shrine. The term is also used sometimes at Buddhist temples too.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term that refers to, both a title for a type of kami, and a specific divine spirit that protects a divine mountain.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The way in which the Japanese worship at shrines, bowing twice, clapping twice, then bowing one last time.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Three mountains revered as sacred in Shinto: Mount Fuji, Mount Haku, and Mount Tate. They are included amongst the Nanareizan.
  • Sanzu River (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – A mythological river that acts as a boundary between the lands of the living and the dead.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The energy of living things.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Another word for jōdo.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Japanese holiday held annually on the second Monday of January. It is held to congratulate and encourage all those who have reached or will reach the age of maturity between 2 April of the previous year and 1 April of the current year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A pentacle that is the personal seal of Abe-no-Seimei, later becoming the symbol for the Onmyōryō (the government ministry department for the practice of onmyōdō, or the Bureau of Taoist Geomancy) and for onmyōdō itself, given its association with the Five Elements.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A general umbrella term for the essence, spirit or soul of a nonspecific thing.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A signboard containing announcements and rules for worshipers.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A spiritual, non-corporeal world that coexists with the material world, that human beings inhabit, but in a different dimension.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Votive slips, stickers or placards (and ofuda) posted on the gates or buildings of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan. The stickers bear the name of the worshipper, and can be purchased pre-printed with common names at temples and shrines throughout Japan, as well as at stationery stores and video game centres. Senjafuda were originally made from wooden slats, but have been made of paper since the Edo period.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A smaller shrine housing a kami having a strong relationship with that of the honsha (the main shrine). A synonym of massha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A ceremony held on February 3 that celebrates the beginning of spring in Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A flat baton often seen in portraits of noblemen and samurai, but also used by kannushi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A shrine's administrative office. It often sells omamori and other goods.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A traditional rite of passage and festival day in Japan for three- and seven-year-old girls and five-year-old boys, held annually on November 15.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A zigzag-shaped paper streamer often attached to a shimenawa and to tamagushi, and is used in rituals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Moccasin-like footwear, made from silk with leather soles. Originally worn by children and young woman of the aristocratic-class, it is now (or, at-least was) worn by miko in Shinto rituals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A deer. In Shinto, they are considered messengers of the kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Hags sent by Izanami to pursue Izanagi for shaming her. Their numbers differ between the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A divine spiritualist or medium.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Punishment dealt-out by a kami against transgressions committed by mortals and immortals alike.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A tree considered divine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A wreath made of braided-shimenawa rope with auspicious additions interwoven into it. Shimekazari are put up as decorations for Japanese New Year, along with kadomatsu.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Lengths of rope made from laid/woven/braided rice straw or hemp that are used for ritual purification.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The gardens on shrine grounds.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term for the items displayed upon a kamidana (see above).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The soul of a dead person.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The perimeters of a shrine or a place where kami dwell. It is also used to refer to any place of significant importance.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Rituals and services in Shinto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A person serving a certain god or working as a government official at a facility where God is worshipped. Shinkan is also used as a term designating a Shinto priest (a person involved in religious services and office work in a shrine).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Similar to komainu, shinko are twin dual statues of foxes, usually depicted as having white fur, who serve Inari Ōkami as messengers.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A mirror that is often included in shrine altars and home altars; they are believed to represent the kami themselves.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Shinto-Buddhist term, meaning "all things existing in the universe": According to Shinto, the kami exist within shinra banshō.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Shinto funeral service.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A place where there is a kami or a place where housing the sacred object of a shrine, like a sanctum sanctorum.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Shinto wedding ceremony.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – In Shinto, salt is used for ritual purification of locations and people (harae, specifically shubatsu (修祓)), and small piles of salt are placed in dishes by the entrance of establishments for the two-fold purposes of warding off evil and attracting patrons.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The legal forbiddance of the syncretism between Shinto and Buddhism.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The spirit of a dead person. The terms are used in contrast to ikiryō, which refers to a disembodied spirit that leaves the body of a still-living person and haunts other people or places, sometimes across great distances.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A sacred object, but also natural objects such as trees and mountains, which represents the kami for worship.
  • Shrine – The English word that translates several more specialized Japanese words (see article Shinto shrine). Any structure housing a kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The tendency in medieval and early modern Japan to keep particular kami separate from any form or manifestation of Buddhism.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The syncretism of Buddhism and local religious beliefs, the normal state of things before the shinbutsu bunri.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Offerings of foods given to Shinto shrines or kamidana for the kami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – In Shinto, salt is used for offerings at Shinto shrines and a household's kamidana, ritual purification of locations and people, and small piles of salt are placed in dishes by the entrance of establishments for the twofold purpose of warding off evil and attracting patrons.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – See also jōdo (see above) and seichi (see above).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The third level of Jigoku, where sinners who have committed murder, theft, and degeneration are sent.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A ceremony involving salt that is conducted immediately prior to rituals in order to purify participants, food offerings and tamagushi, of sins and defilement. See also misogi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A practitioner of shugendō.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The sixth level of Jigoku, where sinners who have committed murder, theft, degeneration, drunkenness, lying, and blasphemy are sent.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A commemorative seal stamp given to worshippers and visitors to Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan. The seal stamps are often collected in shuinchō that are sold at shrines and temples.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A book used to collect shuin.
  • State Shinto – A term first used after World War II to broadly classify Shinto ideals, rituals and institutions created by the pre-war government to promote the divinity of the emperor and the uniqueness of Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The semi-divine/Ashura realm of incarnation, the second-highest realm on the wheel of reincarnation. See also rinne.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A Sōhei is a practitioner of Shugendō. Sōhei are also known as a Shugenja (above), and a Yamabushi (below); a kind of mountain hermit.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term in Shinto-Buddhism that refers to the spirits of one's ancestors.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – An informal garment, like a tunic, worn by males of the Japanese nobility in the Heian period, as outerwear; an informal garment, like a tunic, worn by males of the Japanese nobility in the Heian period, as outerwear.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The multifaceted kami of storms, the sea, open fields, the harvest, marriage, and love, the son of Izanagi and the younger brother of Amaterasu Ōkami and Tsukuyomi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A round, hollow Shinto bell that contains pellets that sound when agitated.

Gallery: R to S

T

  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term for a broad range of Japanese percussion drums. The taiko drum has been an integral part of Japanese Shinto and Buddhist religious practices and folklore for centuries.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term usually used as a part of the official name of a shrine, as for example in Izumo-taisha.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The oldest style of shrine architecture used for example at Izumo-taisha.
  • Takamagahara (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lit) – In Shinto, the dwelling place of the heavenly gods, the Amatsukami. It is believed to be connected to the Earth by Ama-no-uki-hashi.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A mythical ship piloted through the heavens by the Seven Lucky Gods during the first three days of the New Year.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The fence delimiting the sacred soil of a shrine.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A form of offering made from a sakaki-tree branch and strips of paper, silk, or cotton.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A soul within its proper body, encompassing one's mind, heart and soul. The opposite of tamashii is mitama.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An altar used in Shinto-style ancestor worship, dedicated in the memory of deceased forebears. It generally has a mirror symbolizing the spirits of the deceased or a tablet bearing their names and is used not only to enshrine blood relatives, but also to honor respected non-family members..
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A mammal native to Japan (and Asia (as a subspecies of the Asian raccoon dog)) and to Japanese culture and folklore since ancient times. It is known in folklore to be mischievous and jolly, a master of disguise, and with a taste for sake. It is also regarded as a Japanese art animal, appearing in many different forms of both modern and traditional art.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A small strip of paper that wishes are written on, and is hung on bamboo or other trees during Tanabata.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Powerful evil spirits that bring calamity.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A shield, sometimes dedicated to shrines, and indicative of a kami's power to ward-off and protect from negative influences.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A mythical creature that is seen as a symbol for great power, wisdom, leadership and success, and is said to bring strength, luck, and fortune.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – One of the virtues of bushido.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A fountain near the entrance of a shrine or at a Buddhist temple where worshipers can cleanse their hands and mouths before worship.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A term referring to the union of opposites.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Heaven, not unlike nirvana. Also known as Tengoku.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of legendary creature found in Japanese folk religion. They are considered a type of yōkai or kami. The tengu were originally thought to take the forms of birds of prey, and they are traditionally depicted with both human and avian characteristics.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A term used to refer to the mysterious disappearance or death of a person that happens when an angered tengu takes a person away.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The deification of Sugawara no Michizane (845–903). Originally worshiped as a weather kami, Tenjin later became a patron deity of academics, scholarship, learning and education, and the intelligentsia.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A design of golden-filigree crown worn by Buddha and celestial beings, such as tennyo. Also worn by imperial princesses in the Heian period. Now worn by miko during formal occasions such as festivals.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Similar to the hagoromo.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Divine beings found in Shinto and Japanese Buddhism that are similar to Western angels, nymphs, or fairies.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Female tennin.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Reincarnation.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Messenger tennin.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A small traditional handmade doll made of white paper or cloth that Japanese farmers began hanging outside of their window by a string. This talisman is supposed to have magical powers to bring good weather and to stop or prevent a rainy day.
  • The tide jewels – The Kanju and the Manju; two magical gems that the sea kami Watatsumi or Ryūjin used to control the tides.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The first and shallowest level of Jigoku, where sinners who have committed murder are sent.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – The Shinto gate at the entrance of a sacred area, usually a shrine. Also serves as the symbol for Shinto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A festival in November.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A lantern at a shrine or Buddhist temple.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – An altar specifically used for the New-Year, to commemorate a toshigami (below). Offerings include round cakes made of pounded rice, bottles of sake, persimmons, tangerines, etc. See also Kamidana (above).
  • Toshigami – The kami of the year cycle.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A spiced medicinal sake, traditionally drunk during New Year celebrations in Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Any sword that is ten hand widths long. In Japanese mythology, numerous deities own a sword of this kind.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A type of ritual of exorcism, specifically one performed during a funeral, by a hōsōshi to keep away flesh-eating, corpse-stealing yōkai away from the body being buried. Tsuina shares its origins with Setsubun in Nuo rituals from China.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A festival honouring the autumn moon. The celebration of the full moon typically takes place on the 15th day of the eighth month of the traditional Japanese calendar; the waxing moon is celebrated on the 13th day of the ninth month.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A washbasin provided at the entrance to a holy place for visitors to purify themselves by the ritual washing of hands and rinsing of the mouth.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – yōkai who came to being from tools that have acquired a kami or spirit. According to the Ise Monogatari Shō, there is a theory originally from the Onmyōki (陰陽記) that foxes and tanuki, among other beings, that have lived for at a hundred years and changed forms are considered tsukumogami.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – The kami of the moon, the son of Izanagi, the younger brother of Amaterasu Ōkami, and the older brother of Susanoo-no-Mikoto.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A style of construction in which the building has its main entrance on the side which runs perpendicular to the roof's ridge (gabled side).
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A violation committed against legal, social moral, ethical, or religious rules. It is most often used in the religious and moral sense. See also amatsu tsumi, kunitsu tsumi, imi, and kegare.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A species of bird that is native to Japan and to Japanese culture.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – Strings of hanging dolls, als all manner of auspicious symbols (cranes, etc.), that are a traditional decoration, like a hanging mobile, for Hinamatsuri. Also known as Шаблон:Nihongo3, Шаблон:Nihongo3, Шаблон:Nihongo3 and Шаблон:Nihongo3

U

W

  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Depending-upon their intended use, Wara-Ningyō can be used either for cleansing a person of sins and impurities, casting spells to protect or empower, or inflict a curse upon another person via ritual impalement. Originating from Taoist rituals, they are nailed to trees to curse people, during ushi no toki mairi.

Y

Z

  • Шаблон:Nihongo – A Japanese soup containing mochi rice cakes; associated with the Japanese New Year and its tradition of Osechi ceremonial foods.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo – Kami warrior-guardian figures. They are often depicted to be holding bows and arrows, or wearing three silver rings. The name was originally applied to the bodyguards of the Emperor of Japan.
  • Шаблон:Nihongo3 – A style of construction a building, that a shrine has usually been built in.

Gallery: T to Z

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 1,28 1,29 1,30 1,31 1,32 1,33 1,34 1,35 1,36 1,37 1,38 1,39 1,40 1,41 1,42 1,43 1,44 1,45 1,46 1,47 1,48 1,49 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ New Larousse encyclopedia of mythology, by Félix Guirand and Robert Graves, Hamlyn, 1968, p.415
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  4. ↑ JAANUS, Hachiman-zukuri accessed on December 1, 2009
  5. ↑ Шаблон:EOS
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Smyers (1999:219)
  7. ↑ Iwanami Шаблон:Nihongo Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web

References

Шаблон:Shinto shrine Шаблон:Jmyth navbox long

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