Английская Википедия:Glossary of astronomy

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Шаблон:Short description This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of jargon.

A

Файл:Mars and Syrtis Major - GPN-2000-000923.jpg

Syrtis Major (center) is a prominent dark Шаблон:Gli on Mars.

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B

Файл:Orbit5.gif

Two bodies of similar mass orbit a common Шаблон:Gli external to both, as usual in Шаблон:Gli systems

C

Файл:AxialTiltObliquity.png

A diagram of the relationships between the Earth's Шаблон:Gli, its Шаблон:Gli, and the Шаблон:Gli around the Sun, known as the Шаблон:Gli. Note that the Earth's rotational axis is not perpendicular to the ecliptic but rather is Шаблон:Gli; this means that the path of the Sun, as viewed from Earth, appears to move both above and below the celestial equator during the course of the year.

D

Файл:NASA-14114-HubbleSpaceTelescope-DebrisDisks-20140424.jpg

Circumstellar Шаблон:Gli as detected by the Hubble Space Telescope, and artist's impressions of the disks' orientations around their host stars

E

Файл:Earths orbit and ecliptic.PNG

The Шаблон:Gli (grey) is defined by the Earth's orbit around the Sun, and is distinct from the plane of the Шаблон:Gli's Шаблон:Gli (green), which is permanently Шаблон:Gli 23.4 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. To an observer on Earth, this means that the path the Sun appears to follow upon the celestial sphere is not a straight line (i.e. the ecliptic does not appear "flat"). Twice during each complete orbit, at the two Шаблон:Gli, the Sun's path appears to intersect the celestial equator, though the two planes are never in fact coplanar.

Файл:Elliptic orbit.gif

A relatively small body (such as a planet) orbiting a larger one (such as a star) in an Шаблон:Gli, with the larger body located at one of the focal points of the ellipse

Файл:Stellar evolutionary tracks-en.svg

Sample Шаблон:Gli for stars of different mass

G

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Файл:A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble.JPG

A luminous red galaxy (LRG) acting as a Шаблон:Gli, distorting the light from a much more distant blue galaxy into an Einstein ring

L

Файл:Moon Phase Diagram for Simple English Wikipedia.GIF

The Шаблон:Gli are caused by the visible side of the Moon being alternately illuminated by sunlight and immersed in shadow during its orbit around the Earth.

M

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Файл:ALMA and the centre of the Milky Way.jpg

The bright Шаблон:Gli of the Шаблон:Gli is visible in dark skies on clear nights, in the direction of the Шаблон:Gli Sagittarius.

O

Файл:Orbit1.svg

A diagram showing four of the six canonical Шаблон:Gli. The Шаблон:Gli (yellow) intersects a Шаблон:Gli (grey).

Файл:Resonant planetary system.gif

A planetary system showing a 1:2
Шаблон:Gli between the orbital periods of two planets (small bodies), both of which are orbiting a large central star. The inner planet completes two revolutions in the time it takes the outer planet to complete one.

P

Файл:Stellarparallax parsec1.svg

The Шаблон:Gli shift of a star at a distance of one Шаблон:Gli as seen from the Earth (not to scale)

Q

Файл:Quadrature (astronomy).svg

A moon or planet is said to be in Шаблон:Gli when its position as viewed from Earth is at a right angle to the direction of the Sun. In such cases the moon or planet appears to be in its quarter phase (or nearly so), where half of the body is illuminated by the Sun and the other half is in shadow.

R

Файл:Retrogradeorbit.gif

In a Шаблон:Gli orbit, a satellite (red) orbits in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary (blue/black).

S

Файл:Atmospheric electromagnetic opacity.svg

The Earth's atmosphere permits certain wavelengths of electromagnetic energy to pass through but reflects or absorbs others, making it difficult or impossible to detect them from the surface. As a result, Шаблон:Gli instruments are often placed in orbit, above the atmosphere, where detection of all parts of the spectrum is uninhibited.

T

Файл:Solar eclipse 1999 4.jpg

A Шаблон:Gli as seen from Earth

See also

• Outline of astronomy
• List of astronomical catalogues
• List of astronomy acronyms
• List of common astronomy symbols
• Modern constellations

External links

• Шаблон:Citation
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